');mask:url('data:image/svg+xml, ');background-size:10px 5px!important}.dot.small{width:13px;height:4px;-webkit-mask:url('data:image/svg+xml, ');mask:url('data:image/svg+xml, ')}.dot.circle{width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:100%;-webkit-mask:none;mask:none}[data-aos=fade]{opacity:0;-webkit-transition:all 800ms ease;transition:all 800ms ease}[data-aos=fade-up]{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(50px);-ms-transform:translateY(50px);transform:translateY(50px);-webkit-transition:all 600ms ease;transition:all 600ms ease}.aos-animate{-webkit-transform:translateY(0px);-ms-transform:translateY(0px);transform:translateY(0px);opacity:1}.lazy,[data-lazy=true]{opacity:0;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}.lazy.loaded,[data-lazy=true].loaded{opacity:1}img{max-width:100%;height:auto}a{color:var(--epcl-black);-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}a:hover{color:var(--epcl-main-color)}a img{-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}.link-button{font-weight:600}.link-button svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:var(--epcl-black);margin-right:3px;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;top:-1px}i.fa,i.icon{font-style:normal!important}.np-bottom{padding-bottom:0!important}.no-margin{margin:0!important}.alignleft{float:left!important}.alignright{float:right!important}.aligncenter{display:block;margin:0 auto}.epcl-inline{display:inline}.textleft{text-align:left!important}.textright{text-align:right!important}.textcenter{text-align:center!important}.fw-normal{font-weight:400!important}.fw-medium{font-weight:500!important}.fw-semibold{font-weight:600!important}.fw-bold{font-weight:700!important}.uppercase{text-transform:uppercase}.overflow{overflow:hidden}.screen-reader-text{border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px;word-wrap:normal!important;word-break:normal}.hidden{display:none}.cover{background-repeat:no-repeat!important;background-position:center center!important;background-size:cover!important}img.cover{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.parallax{background-attachment:fixed!important}hr{border:0;border-top:3px solid var(--epcl-border-color);height:1px;margin:0 0 20px}.grid-container{max-width:1280px}.grid-container.grid-usmall{max-width:600px}.grid-container.grid-small{max-width:780px}.grid-container.grid-medium{max-width:990px}.grid-container.grid-large{max-width:1400px}.grid-container.grid-ularge{max-width:1600px}#wrapper{position:relative;z-index:2}.epcl-row,.row{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px}.epcl-row.large,.row.large{margin-left:-35px;margin-right:-35px}.epcl-flex{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.section{padding-top:60px;padding-bottom:60px}.medium-section{padding-top:80px;padding-bottom:80px}.bg-white{background:#fff;padding:50px}.fullwidth{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.thumb{position:relative;z-index:1}.full-link,.thumb .fullimage{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%!important;z-index:1}.thumb .fullimage{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.full-link{z-index:10}.content{margin-top:80px}.bg-box{background-color:var(--epcl-boxes-background-color);border-radius:13px;border:1px solid var(--epcl-boxes-border-color);position:relative}.bg-box.section{padding:40px}.bg-box.bg-white{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);-webkit-box-shadow:var(--epcl-boxes-shadow);box-shadow:var(--epcl-boxes-shadow)}.mfp-close{font-size:40px!important}.epcl-border{background-color:var(--epcl-border-color);height:1px;margin:60px auto 0}.epcl-border.small{width:75px;margin-top:30px}.epcl-banner{padding-bottom:0}.epcl-banner img.custom-image{display:block;margin:0 auto}.epcl-social-buttons a{display:inline-block;margin:0 5px;width:30px;height:30px;text-align:center;line-height:30px}.epcl-social-buttons a img,.epcl-social-buttons a svg{width:22px;height:22px;vertical-align:middle}.epcl-social-buttons a.twitter svg{width:17px;height:17px}.epcl-social-buttons a.button{width:40px;height:40px;text-align:center;line-height:40px}.epcl-social-bg-color a{margin:0 2px}.epcl-social-bg-color a img,.epcl-social-bg-color a svg{width:20px;height:20px;vertical-align:middle;margin-top:-2px}.epcl-social-bg-color a.dribbble{background-color:#dc86ae}.epcl-social-bg-color a.facebook{background-color:#4489ef}.epcl-social-bg-color a.twitter{background-color:#2a2a2a}.epcl-social-bg-color a.twitter svg{width:18px;height:18px}.epcl-social-bg-color a.instagram{background-color:#ff4d81}.epcl-social-bg-color a.linkedin{background-color:#0081c4}.epcl-social-bg-color a.pinterest{background-color:#ef4c5f}.epcl-social-bg-color a.tumblr{background-color:#658199}.epcl-social-bg-color a.youtube{background-color:#fb6464}.epcl-social-bg-color a.flickr{background-color:#f0479f}.epcl-social-bg-color a.twitch{background-color:#8e5ee8}.epcl-social-bg-color a.vk{background-color:#6fa1df}.epcl-social-bg-color a.telegram{background-color:#0092db}.epcl-social-bg-color a.rss{background-color:#ff9b0f}.epcl-social-bg-color a.tiktok{background-color:#75cdd4}.epcl-social-bg-color a.whatsapp{background-color:#21c08a}.epcl-social-bg-color a.discord{background-color:#6672f3}.epcl-social-bg-color a.email{background-color:var(--epcl-black)}.epcl-social-fill-color a.dribbble{color:#D97AA6}.epcl-social-fill-color a.facebook{color:#3680EE}.epcl-social-fill-color a.twitter{color:#222}.epcl-social-fill-color a.instagram{color:#FF3E76}.epcl-social-fill-color a.linkedin{color:#0077b5}.epcl-social-fill-color a.pinterest{color:#EE3E52}.epcl-social-fill-color a.tumblr{color:#5F7990}.epcl-social-fill-color a.youtube{color:#fb5555}.epcl-social-fill-color a.flickr{color:#EF3998}.epcl-social-fill-color a.twitch{color:#8551e6}.epcl-social-fill-color a.vk{color:#6299dc}.epcl-social-fill-color a.telegram{color:#0088cc}.epcl-social-fill-color a.rss{color:#ff9500}.epcl-social-fill-color a.tiktok{color:#69c9d0}.epcl-social-fill-color a.whatsapp{color:#1FB381}.epcl-social-fill-color a.discord{color:#5865f2}.epcl-social-fill-color a.email{color:var(--epcl-black)}.epcl-gradient{min-height:100vh;position:relative;z-index:2;padding:60px 0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.epcl-waves{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;z-index:-1;width:100%;height:100%;max-height:100px}#footer .epcl-waves,.epcl-subscribe .epcl-waves{top:auto;bottom:0;height:30%}.epcl-parallax>use{-webkit-animation:move-forever 25s cubic-bezier(0.55,0.5,0.45,0.5) infinite;animation:move-forever 25s cubic-bezier(0.55,0.5,0.45,0.5) infinite}.epcl-parallax>use:first-child{-webkit-animation-delay:-2s;animation-delay:-2s;-webkit-animation-duration:7s;animation-duration:7s}.epcl-parallax>use:nth-child(2){-webkit-animation-delay:-3s;animation-delay:-3s;-webkit-animation-duration:10s;animation-duration:10s}.epcl-parallax>use:nth-child(3){-webkit-animation-delay:-4s;animation-delay:-4s;-webkit-animation-duration:13s;animation-duration:13s}.epcl-parallax>use:nth-child(4){-webkit-animation-delay:-5s;animation-delay:-5s;-webkit-animation-duration:20s;animation-duration:20s}@-webkit-keyframes move-forever{0%{-webkit-transform:translate3d(-90px,0,0);transform:translate3d(-90px,0,0)}to{-webkit-transform:translate3d(85px,0,0);transform:translate3d(85px,0,0)}}@keyframes move-forever{0%{-webkit-transform:translate3d(-90px,0,0);transform:translate3d(-90px,0,0)}to{-webkit-transform:translate3d(85px,0,0);transform:translate3d(85px,0,0)}}body.epcl-fullscreen{height:100vh}.flex-align-middle{margin:auto 0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.epcl-fullheight{min-height:100%;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:column wrap;flex-flow:column wrap;position:relative;z-index:2}.epcl-wave-color{fill:#FC6668}.epcl-wave-color2{fill:#D6027E}.epcl-waves-wrapper{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:-1;overflow:hidden}.epcl-waves-page{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;z-index:-5;width:4000px;height:100vh;left:-200px;-webkit-transform:rotate3d(1,1,1,-20deg);transform:rotate3d(1,1,1,-20deg)}.epcl-waves-page .wave{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;-webkit-animation:slide 15s linear infinite;animation:slide 15s linear infinite;will-change:transform;z-index:3}.epcl-waves-page .wave-2{left:-160px;-webkit-animation:swell 15s linear infinite;animation:swell 15s linear infinite;z-index:-1}.epcl-waves-page .wave-3{left:-60px}@-webkit-keyframes slide{0%{-webkit-transform:translateX(0px);transform:translateX(0px)}to{-webkit-transform:translateX(-1000px);transform:translateX(-1000px)}}@keyframes slide{0%{-webkit-transform:translateX(0px);transform:translateX(0px)}to{-webkit-transform:translateX(-1000px);transform:translateX(-1000px)}}@-webkit-keyframes swell{0%{-webkit-transform:translate(0px,0px);transform:translate(0px,0px)}50%{-webkit-transform:translate(-500px,50px);transform:translate(-500px,50px)}to{-webkit-transform:translate(-1000px,0px);transform:translate(-1000px,0px)}}@keyframes swell{0%{-webkit-transform:translate(0px,0px);transform:translate(0px,0px)}50%{-webkit-transform:translate(-500px,50px);transform:translate(-500px,50px)}to{-webkit-transform:translate(-1000px,0px);transform:translate(-1000px,0px)}}.epcl-demo-tool{position:fixed;z-index:10;top:30%;left:0;background:#fff;-webkit-box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.2),0 22px 27px -20px rgba(7,10,25,0.2);box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.2),0 22px 27px -20px rgba(7,10,25,0.2);border-top-right-radius:7px;border-bottom-right-radius:7px;padding:15px;font-size:13px;width:190px;-webkit-animation:fadeOut 800ms forwards;animation:fadeOut 800ms forwards;color:#000}.epcl-demo-tool label{display:inline-block;margin-top:10px}.epcl-demo-tool input{border:0;margin-right:5px;width:40px;background:#f83d76;background:transparent;vertical-align:middle}.epcl-demo-tool:hover{-webkit-animation:none;animation:none}.epcl-demo-tool .tool{position:absolute;left:100%;top:50%;background:#fff;z-index:-1;padding:12px;padding-left:14px;-webkit-box-shadow:10px 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.1);box-shadow:10px 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.1);border-left:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);border-top-right-radius:7px;border-bottom-right-radius:7px}.epcl-demo-tool .tool svg{-webkit-animation:spin 4s ease infinite;animation:spin 4s ease infinite}@-webkit-keyframes spin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg)}}@keyframes spin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg)}}#single #comments.hosted .comment .epcl-demo-tool .comment-author,.epcl-demo-tool #single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,.epcl-demo-tool .title,.epcl-demo-tool .wpcf7 label,.wpcf7 .epcl-demo-tool label{text-align:center}.epcl-demo-tool .link{display:block;margin-top:0px;padding:5px 0 0;margin-top:10px;font-family:var(--epcl-title-font-family);font-size:13px;color:#000;cursor:pointer}.epcl-demo-tool .link span{display:inline-block;width:38px;height:20px;background:#000;position:relative;z-index:2;border-radius:25px;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:10px;opacity:0.75;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}.epcl-demo-tool .link span:before{content:'';position:absolute;top:6px;left:6px;width:8px;height:8px;background:#fff;border-radius:50%;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}.epcl-demo-tool .link.active span{background:#f83d76;opacity:1}.epcl-demo-tool .link.active span:before{left:24px}@-webkit-keyframes fadeOut{0%{left:0}to{left:-222px}}@keyframes fadeOut{0%{left:0}to{left:-222px}}@-webkit-keyframes fadeIn{0%{left:-222px}to{left:0}}@keyframes fadeIn{0%{left:-222px}to{left:0}}.tooltip{position:relative;z-index:10}.tooltip:before{content:attr(data-title);position:absolute;bottom:100%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%);left:50%;margin-left:0;white-space:nowrap;padding:7px 15px;border-radius:8px;background:#fff;color:var(--epcl-black);text-align:center;-webkit-box-shadow:var(--epcl-small-shadow);box-shadow:var(--epcl-small-shadow);-webkit-box-shadow:2px 2px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);box-shadow:2px 2px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);font-size:12px;line-height:1.8;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}.tooltip:after{content:"";position:absolute;left:50%;margin-bottom:-5px;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%);bottom:110%;border-left:8px solid transparent;border-right:8px solid transparent;border-top:8px solid #fff;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}.tooltip[data-tooltip-position=right]:before{bottom:50%;left:110%;-webkit-transform:translateY(50%);-ms-transform:translateY(50%);transform:translateY(50%);padding:3px 15px}.tooltip[data-tooltip-position=right]:after{margin-bottom:0;margin-left:-16px;bottom:50%;left:100%;-webkit-transform:translateY(50%);-ms-transform:translateY(50%);transform:translateY(50%);border-top:8px solid transparent;border-bottom:8px solid transparent;border-left:8px solid transparent;border-right:8px solid #fff}.tooltip[data-tooltip-position=right]:hover:after,.tooltip[data-tooltip-position=right]:hover:before{left:100%;bottom:50%}.tooltip:hover:after,.tooltip:hover:before{bottom:120%;opacity:1;visibility:visible}.epcl-breadcrumbs{font-size:14px;padding-bottom:15px}.epcl-breadcrumbs a{font-weight:600}div.text{font-size:17px;line-height:1.8;font-weight:400;position:relative;z-index:2}div.text b,div.text strong{font-weight:700}div.text iframe{max-width:100%}div.text hr{display:inline-block;width:100%}div.text div#map_canvas img,div.text div.ep-map img{max-width:none!important;height:inherit}div.text img{max-width:100%;height:auto;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:8px;-webkit-box-shadow:0px 8px 16px -8px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),0px 13px 27px -5px rgba(50,50,93,0.25);box-shadow:0px 8px 16px -8px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),0px 13px 27px -5px rgba(50,50,93,0.25)}div.text img.alignleft{margin:0 24px 24px 0}div.text img.alignright{margin:0 0 24px 24px}div.text img.aligncenter{margin-bottom:0}div.text p.has-background{padding-top:24px}div.text h1,div.text h2,div.text h3,div.text h4,div.text h5,div.text h6{font-weight:800;font-family:var(--epcl-title-font-family);color:var(--epcl-black)}div.text h1{font-size:32px;padding-top:19.84px;margin-bottom:12.16px;line-height:1.3}div.text h2{font-size:28px;padding-top:14.4px;margin-bottom:17.6px;line-height:1.4}div.text h3{font-size:24px;padding-top:20.8px;margin-bottom:14.4px;line-height:1.5}div.text h4{font-size:22px;padding-top:8px;margin-bottom:24px}div.text h5{font-size:16px;padding-top:8px;margin-bottom:24px}div.text h6{font-size:14px;padding-top:8px;margin-bottom:24px}div.text a:not([class]){color:var(--epcl-main-color);text-decoration:none;font-weight:700}div.text a:not([class]):hover{border-color:transparent;color:var(--epcl-black)}div.text .ep-shortcode a:hover,div.text a.ep-shortcode:hover{text-decoration:none}div.text figure a{background-image:none!important}div.text figure a:hover{-webkit-transform:translateY(-2px);-ms-transform:translateY(-2px);transform:translateY(-2px)}div.text .attachment a:after,div.text .wp-caption a:after,div.text dt a:after{display:none!important}div.text ol,div.text ul{margin:0 0 0 30px}div.text ol{margin-left:45px}div.text ul,div.text ul li{list-style-type:disc;list-style-position:inside;position:relative}div.text ol,div.text ol li{list-style-type:decimal;list-style-position:outside}div.text ol ol{list-style:upper-alpha}div.text ol ol ol{list-style:lower-roman}div.text ol ol ol ol{list-style:lower-alpha}div.text ol ol,div.text ol ul,div.text ul ol,div.text ul ul{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-top:10px}div.text ul:not([class]) li{position:relative;z-index:1;padding-left:20px;list-style-type:none}div.text ul:not([class]) li:before{content:'';position:absolute;left:0;top:12px;width:5px;height:5px;background:var(--epcl-main-color);border-radius:50%}div.text dl{margin:0 1.5em}div.text dt{font-weight:600}div.text dd{margin-bottom:15px;margin-left:40px}div.text abbr,div.text acronym{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}div.text ins{text-decoration:none}div.text blockquote,div.text dd,div.text pre:not([class*=CodeMirror-]){margin-bottom:20px}div.text blockquote{padding:40px;padding-left:60px;margin:0 0 25px 0;border-left:0;font-style:italic!important;position:relative;z-index:1;font-size:110%;background:#fff no-repeat 97% 90% url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' width='40' height='40'%3E%3Cpath fill='none' d='M0 0h24v24H0z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M19.417 6.679C20.447 7.773 21 9 21 10.989c0 3.5-2.457 6.637-6.03 8.188l-.893-1.378c3.335-1.804 3.987-4.145 4.247-5.621-.537.278-1.24.375-1.929.311-1.804-.167-3.226-1.648-3.226-3.489a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 3.5-3.5c1.073 0 2.099.49 2.748 1.179zm-10 0C10.447 7.773 11 9 11 10.989c0 3.5-2.457 6.637-6.03 8.188l-.893-1.378c3.335-1.804 3.987-4.145 4.247-5.621-.537.278-1.24.375-1.929.311C4.591 12.322 3.17 10.841 3.17 9a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 3.5-3.5c1.073 0 2.099.49 2.748 1.179z' fill='rgba(218,222,237,1)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");border:3px solid var(--epcl-border-color);border-radius:8px;line-height:1.85;font-weight:400;background-size:50px}div.text blockquote em{font-style:italic}div.text blockquote cite,div.text blockquote__citation{display:block;margin-top:15px;color:var(--epcl-black);font-style:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:var(--epcl-title-font-family);font-weight:bold;text-transform:none}div.text blockquote ul{padding-bottom:0}div.text blockquote p{padding-top:0}div.text blockquote p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}div.text blockquote.is-large cite,div.text blockquote.is-style-large cite{text-align:left}div.text pre:not([class*=CodeMirror-]){overflow:auto;max-width:100%;max-height:400px;font-size:15px}div.text code:not([class*=language-]):not([class*=CodeMirror-]),div.text pre:not([class*=language-]):not([class*=CodeMirror-]){font-family:'Consolas',Monaco,monospace;border:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);background-color:var(--epcl-code-color);border-radius:8px}div.text code:not([class*=language-]):not([class*=CodeMirror-]){padding:5px 10px;margin:0 1px;font-size:14px;display:inline-block;background-color:var(--epcl-code-color);border-radius:8px}div.text pre:not([class*=language-]):not([class*=CodeMirror-]){padding:15px 25px;line-height:1.8;overflow:auto}div.text pre:not([class*=language-]):not([class*=CodeMirror-]) code:not([class*=language-]):not([class*=CodeMirror-]){border:0}div.text pre:not([class*=language-]):not([class*=CodeMirror-]) ol{margin:0 0 0 35px;padding:0;list-style:decimal;list-style-position:outside}div.text pre:not([class*=language-]):not([class*=CodeMirror-]) ol li{padding-bottom:0;list-style-position:outside}div.text table{text-align:center;border:3px solid var(--epcl-border-color);width:100%;max-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse}div.text table,div.text table td,div.text table th{border:3px solid var(--epcl-border-color);padding:7px 15px;text-align:center}div.text table th{font-weight:700;color:var(--epcl-black);font-family:var(--epcl-title-font-family)}div.text .gallery dl{margin:0}div.text address{font-style:italic;margin-bottom:25px}div.text .gallery-caption{color:var(--epcl-black)}div.text .bypostauthor{color:var(--epcl-black)}div.text .aligncenter,div.text div.aligncenter{display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-bottom:24px}div.text .aligncenter img,div.text div.aligncenter img{display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}div.text .alignright{float:right;margin:0px 0 24px 24px}div.text .alignleft{float:left;margin:0px 24px 24px 0}div.text .wp-caption{max-width:96%;padding:8px 3px 10px!important;text-align:center;margin-bottom:25px}div.text .wp-caption img{border:0 none;height:auto;margin:0;max-width:98.5%;padding:0;width:auto;vertical-align:middle}div.text .wp-caption p.wp-caption-text{font-size:12px;line-height:17px;margin:0;padding:8px 4px 0}div.text .screen-reader-text{border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px;word-wrap:normal!important}div.text .screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#eee;clip:auto!important;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}div.text .epcl-gallery ul{margin:0 -10px}div.text .epcl-gallery ul li{list-style:none;padding-bottom:20px;padding:0 5px 10px}div.text .epcl-gallery ul a{background-image:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}div.text .epcl-gallery ul a:after{display:none}div.text figure,div.text iframe,div.text p{padding-top:8px;margin-bottom:24px}div.text p>iframe{margin-bottom:0;display:block;border-radius:8px;padding-top:0}div.text blockquote,div.text hr,div.text pre,div.text table{margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:24px}div.text li{padding-bottom:8px}div.text ol,div.text ul{margin-bottom:24px}div.text ol li:last-of-type,div.text ul li:last-of-type{padding-bottom:0}div.text>:first-child:not(blockquote){padding-top:0}div.text figcaption{display:block;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.85;margin-top:.5em;width:100%}div.text .wp-block{}div.text .wp-block{max-width:726px}div.text .wp-block[data-align=full]{max-width:none;margin-left:-60px;margin-right:-60px}div.text .wp-block[data-align=full] .alignfull{margin:0}div.text .wp-block[data-align=wide]{max-width:none;margin-left:-60px;margin-right:-60px}div.text .wp-block[data-align=wide] .alignwide{margin:0}div.text .wp-block-separator{display:block;max-width:100px;margin:0 auto 24px;padding-top:8px;border:0;border-bottom:3px solid var(--epcl-border-color);height:1px}div.text .wp-block-separator.is-style-wide{max-width:none}div.text .wp-block-separator.is-style-dots{border-bottom:3px dashed var(--epcl-border-color)!important}div.text .wp-block-button{padding-top:8px;margin-bottom:24px;text-align:center}div.text .wp-block-button.alignleft,div.text .wp-block-button.alignright{padding-top:17.6px}div.text .wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link{padding:7px 24px}div.text .wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link:hover{color:#fff;-webkit-transform:translateY(-2px);-ms-transform:translateY(-2px);transform:translateY(-2px)}div.text .wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link{border:2px solid}div.text .wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:hover{color:inherit}div.text .wp-block-image img{border-radius:8px}div.text .wp-block-image a:hover img{-webkit-box-shadow:var(--epcl-small-shadow);box-shadow:var(--epcl-small-shadow)}div.text .wp-block-image figcaption{display:block;margin-bottom:0;font-size:13px;margin-top:1em;text-align:center;opacity:0.85}div.text .wp-block-gallery{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:24px}div.text .wp-block-gallery ul{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:-24px;padding-top:3px}div.text .wp-block-gallery ul:after{content:".";display:block;overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;font-size:0;line-height:0;width:0;height:0}div.text .wp-block-gallery li{padding-bottom:0;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}div.text .wp-block-gallery li figure{padding-top:0;margin:0;position:relative}div.text .wp-block-gallery li figcaption{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}div.text .wp-block-gallery figure{background-image:none;padding-top:0}div.text .wp-block-gallery figure figcaption{border-radius:8px;pointer-events:none}div.text .wp-block-gallery figure img{border-radius:8px}div.text .wp-block-gallery figure a{border:0;border-radius:8px}div.text .wp-block-gallery figure a:hover{-webkit-transform:translateY(-2px);-ms-transform:translateY(-2px);transform:translateY(-2px)}div.text .wp-block-gallery figure:after{display:none}div.text .wp-block-cover{margin-bottom:24px;border:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden}div.text .wp-block-cover.alignleft{margin-right:24px}div.text .wp-block-cover.alignright{margin-left:24px}div.text .wp-block-cover.aligncenter{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}div.text .wp-block-cover .wp-block-cover-text,div.text .wp-block-cover a,div.text .wp-block-cover a:not([class]),div.text .wp-block-cover p{color:#fff;line-height:1.25}div.text .wp-block-cover .wp-block-cover-text strong,div.text .wp-block-cover a strong,div.text .wp-block-cover a:not([class]) strong,div.text .wp-block-cover p strong{color:#fff}div.text .wp-block-media-text{margin-bottom:32px}div.text .wp-block-media-text figure{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}div.text .wp-block-file{border:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);border-radius:8px;background:#fff;text-align:center;padding:25px}div.text .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button,div.text .wp-block-file .wp-element-button{padding:0.5em 1em}div.text .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button:hover,div.text .wp-block-file .wp-element-button:hover{color:#fff}div.text .wp-block-video video{border:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);border-radius:8px}div.text .wp-block-archives,div.text .wp-block-categories,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts{margin-left:0;padding-left:0;min-width:260px;display:inline-block}div.text .wp-block-archives.aligncenter,div.text .wp-block-categories.aligncenter,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts.aligncenter{display:block;max-width:260px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center}div.text .wp-block-archives time,div.text .wp-block-categories time,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts time{padding-left:20px;color:#4D6385;position:relative}div.text .wp-block-archives li:not(.option),div.text .wp-block-categories li:not(.option),div.text .wp-block-latest-posts li:not(.option){display:block;margin-bottom:10px;padding-bottom:10px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);text-align:right;padding-left:0px;background:none;line-height:30px}div.text .wp-block-archives li:not(.option) div,div.text .wp-block-categories li:not(.option) div,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts li:not(.option) div{display:inline-block}div.text .wp-block-archives li:not(.option) span,div.text .wp-block-categories li:not(.option) span,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts li:not(.option) span{display:inline-block;padding:0;color:#fff;background:var(--epcl-gradient-color);width:25px;height:25px;text-align:center;line-height:25px;font-size:13px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:50%;font-family:var(--epcl-title-font-family)}#footer div.text .wp-block-archives li:not(.option) span,#footer div.text .wp-block-categories li:not(.option) span,#footer div.text .wp-block-latest-posts li:not(.option) span{color:#fff}div.text .wp-block-archives li:not(.option) a,div.text .wp-block-categories li:not(.option) a,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts li:not(.option) a{float:left;color:var(--epcl-black);border:0;font-weight:400}div.text .wp-block-archives li:not(.option) a:after,div.text .wp-block-categories li:not(.option) a:after,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts li:not(.option) a:after{display:none}div.text .wp-block-archives li:not(.option) a:hover,div.text .wp-block-categories li:not(.option) a:hover,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts li:not(.option) a:hover{color:var(--epcl-main-color)}div.text .wp-block-archives li:not(.option):after,div.text .wp-block-archives li:not(.option):before,div.text .wp-block-categories li:not(.option):after,div.text .wp-block-categories li:not(.option):before,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts li:not(.option):after,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts li:not(.option):before{content:'';display:block;width:100%;clear:both}div.text .wp-block-archives li:not(.option):last-of-type,div.text .wp-block-categories li:not(.option):last-of-type,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts li:not(.option):last-of-type{margin-bottom:0!important;border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}div.text .wp-block-archives li:not(.option) ul.children,div.text .wp-block-archives li:not(.option) ul.sub-menu,div.text .wp-block-categories li:not(.option) ul.children,div.text .wp-block-categories li:not(.option) ul.sub-menu,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts li:not(.option) ul.children,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts li:not(.option) ul.sub-menu{clear:both;padding:10px 0 0 0;margin-top:10px;border-top:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);margin-left:0}div.text .wp-block-archives li:not(.option) ul.children li,div.text .wp-block-archives li:not(.option) ul.sub-menu li,div.text .wp-block-categories li:not(.option) ul.children li,div.text .wp-block-categories li:not(.option) ul.sub-menu li,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts li:not(.option) ul.children li,div.text .wp-block-latest-posts li:not(.option) ul.sub-menu li{padding-left:20px}div.text .wp-block-latest-posts{display:block;min-width:inherit}div.text .wp-block-latest-posts time{display:inline-block}div.text .wp-block-latest-posts.is-grid{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}div.text .wp-block-latest-posts.is-grid li:last-of-type{margin-bottom:10px!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);padding-bottom:10px}div.text .wp-block-latest-posts.is-grid li:not(.option){text-align:inherit}div.text .wp-block-archives-dropdown ul{margin:0}div.text .wp-block-comments,div.text .wp-block-latest-comments{list-style:none;margin-left:0}div.text .wp-block-comments li,div.text .wp-block-latest-comments li{list-style:none;display:block;margin-top:20px;position:relative;border-bottom:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);padding-bottom:10px!important}div.text .wp-block-comments li time,div.text .wp-block-latest-comments li time{color:var(--epcl-black)}div.text .wp-block-comments__comment-excerpt p,div.text .wp-block-latest-comments__comment-excerpt p{padding-bottom:10px;margin:0}div.text .wp-block-comments__comment-meta,div.text .wp-block-latest-comments__comment-meta{font-family:var(--epcl-title-font-family);font-size:16px}div.text .wp-block-comments__comment-meta a,div.text .wp-block-latest-comments__comment-meta a{font-weight:700}div.text .wp-block-quote{padding:40px;padding-right:60px;margin:0 0 25px 0;border-left:0;font-style:italic!important;position:relative;z-index:1;font-size:110%;border:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);background:#fff;border-radius:8px;background:#fff no-repeat 97% 90% url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' width='40' height='40'%3E%3Cpath fill='none' d='M0 0h24v24H0z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M19.417 6.679C20.447 7.773 21 9 21 10.989c0 3.5-2.457 6.637-6.03 8.188l-.893-1.378c3.335-1.804 3.987-4.145 4.247-5.621-.537.278-1.24.375-1.929.311-1.804-.167-3.226-1.648-3.226-3.489a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 3.5-3.5c1.073 0 2.099.49 2.748 1.179zm-10 0C10.447 7.773 11 9 11 10.989c0 3.5-2.457 6.637-6.03 8.188l-.893-1.378c3.335-1.804 3.987-4.145 4.247-5.621-.537.278-1.24.375-1.929.311C4.591 12.322 3.17 10.841 3.17 9a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 3.5-3.5c1.073 0 2.099.49 2.748 1.179z' fill='rgba(218,222,237,1)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");line-height:1.85;font-weight:400;background-size:50px}div.text .wp-block-quote em{font-style:italic}div.text .wp-block-quote cite,div.text .wp-block-quote__citation{display:block;margin-top:15px;color:var(--epcl-black);font-style:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:var(--epcl-title-font-family);font-weight:bold;text-transform:none}div.text .wp-block-quote ul{padding-bottom:0}div.text .wp-block-quote p{padding-top:0}div.text .wp-block-quote p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}div.text .wp-block-quote.is-large,div.text .wp-block-quote.is-style-large{padding:40px;padding-right:60px}div.text .wp-block-quote.is-large cite,div.text .wp-block-quote.is-style-large cite{text-align:left}div.text .wp-block-pullquote{padding:25px 70px;margin-top:8px;position:relative;z-index:1;border:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);background:#fff;border-radius:8px;font-size:17px}div.text .wp-block-pullquote:after,div.text .wp-block-pullquote:before{content:'';width:40px;height:40px;position:absolute;left:20px;top:20px;z-index:2;background:no-repeat url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' width='40' height='40'%3E%3Cpath fill='none' d='M0 0h24v24H0z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M4.583 17.321C3.553 16.227 3 15 3 13.011c0-3.5 2.457-6.637 6.03-8.188l.893 1.378c-3.335 1.804-3.987 4.145-4.247 5.621.537-.278 1.24-.375 1.929-.311 1.804.167 3.226 1.648 3.226 3.489a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-3.5 3.5c-1.073 0-2.099-.49-2.748-1.179zm10 0C13.553 16.227 13 15 13 13.011c0-3.5 2.457-6.637 6.03-8.188l.893 1.378c-3.335 1.804-3.987 4.145-4.247 5.621.537-.278 1.24-.375 1.929-.311 1.804.167 3.226 1.648 3.226 3.489a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-3.5 3.5c-1.073 0-2.099-.49-2.748-1.179z' fill='rgba(218,222,237,1)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}div.text .wp-block-pullquote:after{top:auto;left:auto;bottom:20px;right:20px;background:no-repeat url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' width='40' height='40'%3E%3Cpath fill='none' d='M0 0h24v24H0z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M19.417 6.679C20.447 7.773 21 9 21 10.989c0 3.5-2.457 6.637-6.03 8.188l-.893-1.378c3.335-1.804 3.987-4.145 4.247-5.621-.537.278-1.24.375-1.929.311-1.804-.167-3.226-1.648-3.226-3.489a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 3.5-3.5c1.073 0 2.099.49 2.748 1.179zm-10 0C10.447 7.773 11 9 11 10.989c0 3.5-2.457 6.637-6.03 8.188l-.893-1.378c3.335-1.804 3.987-4.145 4.247-5.621-.537.278-1.24.375-1.929.311C4.591 12.322 3.17 10.841 3.17 9a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 3.5-3.5c1.073 0 2.099.49 2.748 1.179z' fill='rgba(218,222,237,1)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}div.text .wp-block-pullquote blockquote{border-left:0;padding:20px 0;margin:0;font-style:normal;background:none;border:0;line-height:1.85;font-weight:400;background-size:50px}div.text .wp-block-pullquote blockquote:before{display:none}div.text .wp-block-pullquote blockquote p{padding-top:0;margin-bottom:8px}div.text .wp-block-pullquote blockquote cite{padding-bottom:8px}div.text .wp-block-pullquote blockquote cite{display:block;margin-top:8px;color:var(--epcl-black);font-style:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:var(--epcl-title-font-family);font-weight:bold;text-transform:none}div.text .wp-block-pullquote__citation{display:block;margin-top:8px;color:var(--epcl-black);font-style:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:var(--epcl-title-font-family);font-weight:bold;text-transform:none}div.text .wp-block-pullquote.is-style-solid-color blockquote{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}div.text .wp-block-embed figcaption{display:block;padding-top:8px;color:var(--epcl-black)}div.text .wp-block-embed iframe{display:block;padding:0;margin:0;border-radius:8px}div.text .wp-block-embed.aligncenter{display:table}div.text .wp-block-embed.wp-has-aspect-ratio.aligncenter{display:block}div.text .wp-block-audio figcaption{color:var(--epcl-black)}div.text .wp-block-table{border-color:var(--epcl-border-color);border-collapse:collapse}div.text .wp-block-table.is-style-stripes tr:nth-child(odd){background-color:white}div.text .wp-block-rss{margin-left:0;list-style:none}div.text .wp-block-rss li{list-style:none}div.text .wp-block-search label{font-weight:bold}div.text .wp-block-search .wp-block-search__input{border:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);margin-bottom:0}div.text .wp-block-search .wp-block-search__button{margin:0;padding:5px 25px;height:45px;margin-left:10px;background:var(--epcl-gradient-color);border-radius:8px}div.text .wp-block-query ul{margin-left:0}div.text .wp-block-query ul li{list-style:none}div.text .wp-block-query-pagination .page-numbers.current{font-weight:bold;cursor:default}div.text .wp-block-query-pagination-next,div.text .wp-block-query-pagination-previous{font-weight:bold}div.text .wp-block-avatar img,div.text .wp-block-post-author img{border-radius:50%}div.text .wp-block-group{margin-bottom:24px}div.text .wp-block-group.has-background p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}div.text .wp-block-group.has-border-color{border:solid}div.text .wp-block-group.has-border-color p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}div.text .wp-block-social-links li{padding-bottom:0}div.text .wp-block-code{background-color:var(--epcl-code-color)}div.text .wp-block-code textarea{background-color:var(--epcl-code-color)}div.text .wp-block-calendar table{border-collapse:separate;border:0}div.text .wp-block-calendar table thead{background:var(--epcl-gradient-color);color:#fff}div.text .wp-block-calendar table thead th{background:transparent;border:0;color:#fff}div.text .wp-block-calendar table td{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color)}div.text .wp-block-calendar table #today{font-weight:bold}div.text .alignwide{margin-left:-60px;margin-right:-60px;max-width:none;width:auto}div.text .alignwide iframe,div.text .alignwide img{width:100%}div.text .alignfull{margin-left:-60px;margin-right:-60px;max-width:none;width:auto;overflow:hidden}div.text .alignfull iframe,div.text .alignfull img{display:block!important;width:100%}.no-sidebar div.text .alignfull{margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw);width:auto;max-width:1000%;position:relative;z-index:1}div.text .alignfull.wp-block-columns{padding-left:40px;padding-right:40px}div.text .has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{font-family:var(--epcl-title-font-family);font-size:4em;margin-right:10px}#header{position:relative;z-index:99;margin-bottom:-20px}#header div.menu-mobile{display:none}#header .grid-container{padding:60px 0px 0px;position:relative}#header .logo{text-align:center;margin:5px auto}#header .logo a{display:inline-block;color:var(--epcl-black);vertical-align:middle;margin:6px 0 0}#header .logo a img{display:block}#header .logo a:hover{-webkit-transform:translateY(-2px);-ms-transform:translateY(-2px);transform:translateY(-2px)}#header .logo.text-logo #single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,#header .logo.text-logo .title,#header .logo.text-logo .wpcf7 label,#single #comments.hosted .comment #header .logo.text-logo .comment-author,.wpcf7 #header .logo.text-logo label{font-size:40px;word-break:keep-all}#header .logo.text-logo a{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}#header .logo.text-logo .icon{width:30px;line-height:30px;margin:auto 7px auto 0px}#header .logo.text-logo .icon svg{fill:var(--epcl-main-color)}#header .sticky-logo{display:none}#header.minimalist .grid-container{padding:40px 0}#header.minimalist .main-nav{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align:center}#header.minimalist ul.menu{padding:0}#header.minimalist .logo{margin:0}#header.minimalist .search-menu-item svg{margin-right:2px;position:relative;z-index:2;top:-1px}#header.minimalist .subscribe-button{margin-top:-3px}#header.advertising,#header.classic{text-align:center}#header.advertising .logo,#header.classic .logo{float:none}#header.advertising .epcl-flex,#header.classic .epcl-flex{display:block;position:relative;z-index:99}#header.advertising nav,#header.classic nav{float:none;text-align:center;display:inline-block;padding:10px 30px;margin:30px 0 0}#header.advertising .subscribe-button,#header.classic .subscribe-button{position:absolute;right:0;top:-2px}#header.classic .logo:not(.sticky-logo){display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}#header.classic .logo:not(.sticky-logo) a{margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important}#header.classic .epcl-social-buttons{position:absolute;top:0px;left:0;z-index:101}#header.advertising .logo{float:left;padding:30px 0 30px}#header.advertising .epcl-banner{float:right;width:728px;height:90px;padding:10px 0}#header.advertising .subscribe-button{display:none}#header .epcl-search-button{position:absolute;right:0;top:3px;display:none}#header .epcl-search-button svg{margin-top:-2px}#header .epcl-social-buttons{float:right;margin:5px 0 0 5px}#header[data-stuck] div.menu-wrapper{position:fixed;top:0;padding:10px 0;z-index:1000;width:100%;background:#fff;-webkit-animation:headerPinnedSlideDown 400ms forwards;animation:headerPinnedSlideDown 400ms forwards;-webkit-box-shadow:0px 1px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);box-shadow:0px 1px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}#header[data-stuck] div.menu-wrapper .grid-container{padding:0}#header[data-stuck] div.menu-wrapper .epcl-flex{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}#header[data-stuck] div.menu-wrapper .logo{float:left;margin:5px 0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;max-width:150px}#header[data-stuck] div.menu-wrapper .logo a{font-size:40px}#header[data-stuck] div.menu-wrapper .ads,#header[data-stuck] div.menu-wrapper .clear.ad{display:none}#header[data-stuck] div.menu-wrapper nav{text-align:right;float:right;margin-top:auto;margin-bottom:auto;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;margin-right:30px;padding:0}#header[data-stuck] div.menu-wrapper .epcl-social-buttons{display:none}#header[data-stuck] div.menu-wrapper .subscribe-button{position:relative;right:auto;top:auto}#header[data-stuck] .epcl-banner{display:none}#header[data-stuck].has-sticky-logo .logo:not(.text-logo){display:none}#header[data-stuck].has-sticky-logo .sticky-logo{display:block!important}.main-nav{text-align:right}.main-nav ul.menu{font-size:0px;display:inline-block}.main-nav ul.menu>li.menu-item-has-children{margin-right:10px;padding-right:15px}.main-nav ul.menu li{display:inline-block;padding:10px 15px;position:relative}.main-nav ul.menu li.current-menu-item>a{color:var(--epcl-main-color);background:none!important}.main-nav ul.menu li.subscribe-menu-item{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}.main-nav ul.menu li.menu-item-has-children:after{content:'';background:no-repeat center center url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M11.9997 13.1714L16.9495 8.22168L18.3637 9.63589L11.9997 15.9999L5.63574 9.63589L7.04996 8.22168L11.9997 13.1714Z' %3E%3C/path%3E%3C/svg%3E");display:block;position:absolute;font-size:14px;width:12px;height:25px;right:0;top:50%;z-index:5;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);margin-top:0px;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}.main-nav ul.menu li .link,.main-nav ul.menu li a{display:inline-block;font-size:17px;line-height:1.25;position:relative;z-index:1;color:var(--epcl-black);font-family:var(--epcl-title-font-family);font-weight:600;cursor:pointer}#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination .main-nav ul.menu li a,#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination .main-nav ul.menu li a.link,.main-nav ul.menu li #single #comments.hosted nav.pagination a,.main-nav ul.menu li #single #comments.hosted nav.pagination a.link,.main-nav ul.menu li .link.epcl-button,.main-nav ul.menu li a.epcl-button{color:#fff}#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination .main-nav ul.menu li a.link:hover,#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination .main-nav ul.menu li a:hover,.main-nav ul.menu li #single #comments.hosted nav.pagination a.link:hover,.main-nav ul.menu li #single #comments.hosted nav.pagination a:hover,.main-nav ul.menu li .link.epcl-button:hover,.main-nav ul.menu li a.epcl-button:hover{color:#fff}@-webkit-keyframes fadeInMenu{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:scale(0.2);transform:scale(0.2)}to{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:scale(1);transform:scale(1)}}@keyframes fadeInMenu{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:scale(0.2);transform:scale(0.2)}to{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:scale(1);transform:scale(1)}}.main-nav ul.sub-menu{position:absolute;left:0;top:100%;z-index:100;padding:15px 0;background:#fff;min-width:250px;text-align:left;left:-20px;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;border:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);-webkit-box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.2),0 22px 27px -20px rgba(7,10,25,0.2);box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.2),0 22px 27px -20px rgba(7,10,25,0.2);border-radius:8px;-webkit-transition:all 200ms ease;transition:all 200ms ease}.main-nav ul.sub-menu li{display:block;padding:0}.main-nav ul.sub-menu li.current-menu-item a{font-weight:600}.main-nav ul.sub-menu li.current-menu-item a:after{display:none}.main-nav ul.sub-menu li.menu-item-has-children:after{display:none;right:10px;content:'\f105'}.main-nav ul.sub-menu li a{display:block;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;color:var(--epcl-black);padding:10px 25px;background:none}.main-nav ul.sub-menu li a:hover{color:var(--epcl-main-color)}.main-nav ul.sub-menu ul.sub-menu{left:100%;top:-15px;-webkit-transform:scale(1) translateX(-10px);-ms-transform:scale(1) translateX(-10px);transform:scale(1) translateX(-10px)}.main-nav ul.menu li:hover>ul.sub-menu{opacity:1;visibility:visible;-webkit-transform:scale(1) translateY(0px);-ms-transform:scale(1) translateY(0px);transform:scale(1) translateY(0px)}.main-nav ul.menu>li.menu-item-has-children.last-menu-item ul.sub-menu{left:auto;right:0}.main-nav ul.menu>li.menu-item-has-children.last-menu-item ul.sub-menu ul.sub-menu{left:auto;right:100%}@-webkit-keyframes headerPinnedSlideDown{0%{top:-100%}to{top:0}}@keyframes headerPinnedSlideDown{0%{top:-100%}to{top:0}}.notice.text{background:var(--epcl-boxes-background-color);color:var(--epcl-black);text-align:center;padding-top:10px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.75;position:relative;z-index:3;border-bottom:1px solid var(--epcl-boxes-border-color)}.notice.text p{padding-top:0;margin-bottom:10px;display:inline-block}.notice.text a{color:var(--epcl-black)!important}.notice.text .remixicon,.notice.text i.fa{margin-right:5px;vertical-align:middle;margin-top:-3px}.notice.text svg{width:20px;height:20px;margin-top:-5px;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:7px;color:var(--epcl-black)}.notice.text .close{display:inline-block;font-size:24px;font-weight:600;line-height:1;vertical-align:middle;margin-top:-5px;margin-left:5px}.notice.text .close:hover{opacity:0.75}.notice.text .close:before{display:none}#footer{margin-top:80px;padding:40px 0 40px;min-height:inherit;background:var(--epcl-boxes-background-color);border-top:1px solid var(--epcl-boxes-border-color)}#footer.no-background{background:none;margin-top:20px;padding:0;border:0}#footer.no-background .sticky-logo{display:none}#footer .widgets{margin-top:-40px}#footer .widgets .default-sidebar{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}#footer .widgets #single #comments.hosted .comment .bordered.comment-author,#footer .widgets .title.bordered,#footer .widgets .wpcf7 label.bordered,#single #comments.hosted .comment #footer .widgets .bordered.comment-author,.wpcf7 #footer .widgets label.bordered{margin-bottom:35px}#footer .widgets .epcl-row{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}#footer .widgets .widget{border:0;border-left:1px solid var(--epcl-boxes-border-color);background:none;margin-top:60px;padding-left:80px;border-radius:0}#footer .widgets .widget.widget_epcl_subscribe_form{width:40%}#footer .widgets .widget:nth-child(3n+1){border:0}#footer .widgets .default-sidebar,#footer .widgets .mobile-sidebar{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}#footer .widgets .widget_text a{font-weight:bold}#footer .logo{margin-bottom:20px}#footer .logo a{display:inline-block;color:var(--epcl-black);font-size:40px}#footer .logo a:hover{-webkit-transform:translateY(-3px);-ms-transform:translateY(-3px);transform:translateY(-3px)}#footer .logo.text-logo #single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,#footer .logo.text-logo .title,#footer .logo.text-logo .wpcf7 label,#single #comments.hosted .comment #footer .logo.text-logo .comment-author,.wpcf7 #footer .logo.text-logo label{font-size:40px}#footer .logo.text-logo a{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}#footer .logo.text-logo .icon{width:30px;line-height:30px;margin:auto 7px auto 0px}#footer .logo.text-logo .icon svg{fill:var(--epcl-main-color)}#footer #back-to-top{position:fixed;right:-10px;bottom:10px;text-align:center;z-index:99;width:50px;height:50px;text-align:center;line-height:50px;padding:0;font-size:25px;opacity:0;border-radius:100%;cursor:pointer}#footer #back-to-top img{vertical-align:middle}#footer #back-to-top i.fa{margin:0}#footer #back-to-top.visible{opacity:1;right:10px;bottom:10px}#footer .epcl-border{margin:0}#footer .published{text-align:center;padding:20px;font-size:15px}#footer .published a{font-weight:700}#footer .published svg.icon{margin:0 4px}time:not(.icon){position:relative;color:#4D6385;text-transform:capitalize}time:not(.icon) .dot{margin-right:12px;margin-left:0}time:not(.icon) .dot.small{margin-right:8px}time:not(.icon).small{font-size:12px;line-height:1;padding-left:12px}time:not(.icon).small:before{width:2px;height:2px;margin-top:-2px}time.icon svg{margin-right:2px;margin-top:-2px}.access-icon{position:absolute;left:20px;top:0;z-index:3;width:46px;height:46px;text-align:center;line-height:46px;border-radius:0px 0px 8px 8px;background:#FFDB00;color:var(--epcl-black);-webkit-box-shadow:0px 8px 16px -8px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),0px 13px 27px -5px rgba(50,50,93,0.25);box-shadow:0px 8px 16px -8px rgba(0,0,0,0.3),0px 13px 27px -5px rgba(50,50,93,0.25)}.access-icon svg{width:21px;height:21px;vertical-align:middle}.access-icon:hover{color:var(--epcl-black)}.post-access-public .visibility-public{display:inline-block}.post-access-members .visibility-members{display:inline-block}.post-access-paid .visibility-paid{display:inline-block}div.meta{color:#4D6385;font-size:14px}div.meta a{color:#4D6385}div.meta a:hover{color:var(--epcl-main-color)}div.meta.small{font-size:12px}div.meta.absolute{position:absolute;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;text-align:center;padding:20px;background:#000;z-index:2;border-radius:0px 0px 8px 8px;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(rgba(0,0,0,0)),to(rgba(0,0,0,0.4)));background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(0,0,0,0) 0%,rgba(0,0,0,0.4) 100%);opacity:0;visibility:hidden;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}.featured-image:hover div.meta.absolute{opacity:1;visibility:visible}div.meta .comments{color:#fff;font-size:14px}div.meta .comments svg{fill:#fff;vertical-align:middle;margin-top:-3px;margin-right:5px}div.meta .comments:hover{color:#fff}div.meta .min-read{display:inline-block;cursor:default;text-transform:lowercase;margin-left:auto;padding-left:12px}div.meta .min-read svg{width:19px;height:19px;vertical-align:middle;margin-top:-4px;margin-right:5px;fill:#4D6385}div.meta .meta-info{margin-left:12px}div.meta .author{color:var(--epcl-main-color);font-weight:600}div.meta .author .author-image{width:35px;height:35px;position:relative;left:auto;top:0;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:7px;border-radius:50%;font-size:16px;-webkit-box-shadow:var(--epcl-small-shadow);box-shadow:var(--epcl-small-shadow);-webkit-transition:all 300ms var(--epcl-transition-bezier);transition:all 300ms var(--epcl-transition-bezier)}div.meta .author .author-image:before{display:none}div.meta .author .author-image.small{width:25px;height:25px}div.meta .author:hover{color:var(--epcl-black)}div.meta .author .author-name span{color:var(--epcl-black);font-weight:normal}div.meta .sticky-icon{margin-left:8px;margin-top:-7px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}div.meta.bottom .author{float:right}.epcl-views-counter.absolute{display:inline-block;cursor:default;position:absolute;right:15px;top:15px;z-index:5;border-radius:100px;background:#fff;color:var(--epcl-black);font-size:13px;padding:4px 12px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.1),0 22px 27px -30px rgba(7,10,25,0.1);box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.1),0 22px 27px -30px rgba(7,10,25,0.1)}.epcl-views-counter .icon{margin-right:2px;margin-top:-3px}div.articles{}div.articles article{margin:0 auto 80px;padding-right:20px;position:relative;z-index:2}div.articles .featured-image{position:relative;z-index:2}div.articles .post-format-wrapper{position:relative;z-index:2}div.articles .post-format-wrapper.hidden{display:none}div.articles .post_format-post-format-gallery{display:block}div.articles .post-style-small{float:left}div.articles .post-format-audio,div.articles .post-format-gallery,div.articles .post-format-video{position:relative;z-index:2;overflow:hidden;height:450px;border-radius:13px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.2),0 22px 27px -20px rgba(7,10,25,0.2);box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.2),0 22px 27px -20px rgba(7,10,25,0.2)}div.articles .post-format-audio iframe,div.articles .post-format-gallery iframe,div.articles .post-format-video iframe{display:block;height:100%}div.articles .post-format-audio div.item,div.articles .post-format-gallery div.item,div.articles .post-format-video div.item{height:450px;position:relative}div.articles .post-format-gallery .thumb{width:100%;height:100%;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}div.articles .post-format-audio{height:250px}div.articles.classic article .thumb{display:block;width:330px;height:330px;border-radius:8px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.2),0 22px 27px -20px rgba(7,10,25,0.2);box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.2),0 22px 27px -20px rgba(7,10,25,0.2);overflow:hidden}div.articles.classic article .main-title{margin-bottom:15px}div.articles.classic article .post-excerpt{margin-top:15px}div.articles.classic article .info{padding:20px;padding-left:40px}div.articles.classic article .meta.bottom{margin-top:30px}div.articles.classic article.no-thumb .post-format-image{display:block}div.articles.classic article.no-thumb .info{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0}div.articles.classic article.no-thumb div.meta .min-read{margin-left:40px}div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image{display:block;text-align:center}div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .post-format-image{display:block}div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .featured-image{display:block}div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .thumb{width:100%;height:450px;border-radius:13px}div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .info{padding:40px 50px 0}#single #comments.hosted .comment div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .info .comment-author,.wpcf7 div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .info label,div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .info #single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .info .title,div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .info .wpcf7 label{font-size:34px}div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .meta-wrapper{display:block;margin-bottom:20px}div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .meta-wrapper div.tags{display:none}div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image footer .meta{display:inline-block}div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image footer .meta .min-read{margin-left:20px}div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image footer .author{float:none}div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image.no-thumb .main-title{padding:0 80px}div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image.no-thumb .info{padding-top:0}div.articles.grid-posts{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}div.articles.grid-posts[data-columns="2"] article{width:50%}div.articles.grid-posts[data-columns="3"] article{width:33%}div.articles.grid-posts .post-format-wrapper{margin-bottom:35px}div.articles.grid-posts .post-format-audio,div.articles.grid-posts .post-format-gallery,div.articles.grid-posts .post-format-video{position:relative;z-index:2;overflow:hidden;height:300px}div.articles.grid-posts .post-format-audio iframe,div.articles.grid-posts .post-format-gallery iframe,div.articles.grid-posts .post-format-video iframe{height:100%}div.articles.grid-posts .post-format-audio div.item,div.articles.grid-posts .post-format-gallery div.item,div.articles.grid-posts .post-format-video div.item{height:300px;position:relative}div.articles.grid-posts .epcl-bg{padding:20px 20px 25px;margin:0 20px;position:relative;z-index:2}div.articles.grid-posts article{padding:0 20px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:80px}div.articles.grid-posts article.no-image div.info{position:relative;left:auto;bottom:auto;right:auto;padding-bottom:0}div.articles.grid-posts article.no-image div.meta.absolute,div.articles.grid-posts article.no-image div.tags{display:none}div.articles.grid-posts article .featured-image .thumb{display:block;border-radius:13px;-webkit-box-shadow:var(--epcl-medium-shadow);box-shadow:var(--epcl-medium-shadow);height:300px;overflow:hidden}div.articles.grid-posts article .featured-image:hover div.info .shadow-effect{-webkit-box-shadow:var(--epcl-small-shadow);box-shadow:var(--epcl-small-shadow);-webkit-transform:translate(-2px,-2px);-ms-transform:translate(-2px,-2px);transform:translate(-2px,-2px)}div.articles.grid-posts article div.tags{position:absolute;left:15px;top:15px;z-index:3;margin:0}div.articles.grid-posts article div.tags a{margin:0}div.articles.grid-posts article div.meta{font-size:14px;margin-top:20px}div.articles.grid-posts article .info{padding:0 20px}div.articles.grid-posts article .main-title{font-size:26px;margin-bottom:0}div.articles.grid-posts article .post-excerpt{padding:20px 20px}div.articles.grid-posts article footer.bottom{margin:15px 20px 0}div.articles.grid-posts article footer.bottom .author{float:none;margin:0 15px;font-size:13px;font-weight:500;font-family:var(--epcl-font-family)}.epcl-pagination{clear:both;text-align:center;padding:30px 0}.epcl-pagination div.nav{display:inline-block}.epcl-pagination div.nav>span{display:inline-block;margin:0 10px;height:36px;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;line-height:36px;padding:0 15px}.epcl-pagination div.nav a span{padding:0;margin:0}#single .epcl-pagination{margin-top:30px}#single .epcl-pagination div.nav a,#single .epcl-pagination div.nav>span.current{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-family:var(--epcl-title-font-family);background:transparent;color:var(--epcl-black);position:relative}#single .epcl-pagination div.nav a:hover{-webkit-transform:translateY(-2px);-ms-transform:translateY(-2px);transform:translateY(-2px)}#single .epcl-pagination div.nav>span.current{cursor:default;color:#fff;background:var(--epcl-gradient-color);position:relative}#single .epcl-pagination div.nav .page-number{background:none;vertical-align:middle;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;padding:0}#single .epcl-pagination div.nav .post-page-numbers{width:35px;height:35px;padding:0;border-radius:100px;line-height:33px;margin:0 5px}.epcl-subscribe{font-size:16px;position:relative;z-index:2;padding:45px 40px;min-height:auto;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#4776E6 0%,#8E54E9 100%);color:#fff;border-radius:13px;margin-top:80px}.epcl-subscribe.text-black{color:var(--epcl-black);background:none;padding:0;max-width:440px;text-align:left;margin-top:40px}.epcl-subscribe.text-black .description{margin:0}.epcl-subscribe .epcl-waves{height:70%!important}#single #comments.hosted .comment .epcl-subscribe .comment-author,.epcl-subscribe #single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,.epcl-subscribe .title,.epcl-subscribe .wpcf7 label,.wpcf7 .epcl-subscribe label{margin-bottom:10px}.epcl-subscribe .description{max-width:450px;margin:0 auto;font-size:15px}.epcl-subscribe form{position:relative;z-index:2}.epcl-subscribe form .form-group{margin:5px auto 10px;position:relative;max-width:500px}.epcl-subscribe form .form-group .inputbox.large{margin:0;padding-right:175px}.epcl-subscribe form .form-group .submit.absolute{position:absolute;right:-2px;top:0;height:100%;font-size:16px;padding:0px 35px;border-radius:0px 8px 8px 0px}.epcl-subscribe form .form-group .submit.absolute:hover{-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none}.articles .epcl-subscribe{margin:0 0 80px}div.left-content{padding-left:0;padding-right:50px}.classic-sidebar div.left-content,.grid-sidebar div.left-content{padding-right:50px}.grid-sidebar div.left-content{padding-left:0;padding-right:30px}.no-sidebar div.left-content{padding-right:20px;max-width:900px;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important}.no-active-sidebar div.left-content{width:auto;float:none}#sidebar{position:relative;z-index:1;float:right;padding:0}#sidebar .widget{position:relative;margin-bottom:40px;width:auto;float:none}#sidebar .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0}#sidebar.sticky-enabled{position:sticky;top:0px}.sticky-header-enabled #sidebar.sticky-enabled{top:100px}.intro-text{font-size:22px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .intro-text .comment-author,.intro-text #single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,.intro-text .title,.intro-text .wpcf7 label,.wpcf7 .intro-text label{margin-bottom:0}.intro-text p{font-size:18px;margin:40px auto 0;max-width:720px}.intro-text p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.epcl-carousel{padding:0;height:300px;margin:40px auto 0;-webkit-transition:all 1000ms ease;transition:all 1000ms ease}.epcl-carousel.slick-initialized{visibility:visible;height:inherit;opacity:1}.epcl-carousel .item{text-align:center;padding:10px 0}.epcl-carousel .item .img{width:100%;height:350px;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}.epcl-carousel .item article{position:relative;z-index:1;margin:0 20px;background:#fff;-webkit-box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.1),0 22px 27px -30px rgba(7,10,25,0.1);box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.1),0 22px 27px -30px rgba(7,10,25,0.1);padding:0;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}.epcl-carousel .item article:hover{-webkit-transform:translateY(-3px);-ms-transform:translateY(-3px);transform:translateY(-3px)}.epcl-carousel .item .info{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;background:#fff;padding:25px 20px;min-height:130px;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.epcl-carousel .item .info div.meta{margin:10px auto 0}.epcl-slider{padding-top:90px;padding-bottom:60px;-webkit-transition:opacity 1000ms ease;transition:opacity 1000ms ease}.epcl-slider .epcl-column-container{padding:0;background:#fff;-webkit-box-shadow:0px 0px 20px 10px rgba(50,50,93,0.05);box-shadow:0px 0px 20px 10px rgba(50,50,93,0.05);border-radius:0px 13px 13px 0}.epcl-slider .slick-slider{margin:-25px 0!important}.epcl-slider.slick-initialized{visibility:visible;height:inherit;opacity:1}.epcl-slider .item{position:relative;z-index:3}.epcl-slider .item article{position:relative;z-index:2;height:525px;margin:0}.epcl-slider .item .thumb{width:100%}.epcl-slider .item .img{border-radius:13px;height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.epcl-slider .item .info{display:none;position:absolute;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;z-index:3;color:#fff;padding:30px;border-radius:0px 0px 8px 8px;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(rgba(0,32,80,0)),color-stop(70%,rgba(32,50,77,0.4)));background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(0,32,80,0) 0%,rgba(32,50,77,0.4) 70%)}.epcl-slider .item .info .meta{color:#fff}.epcl-slider .item .info .meta a,.epcl-slider .item .info .meta span{color:#fff}.epcl-slider .item .info .meta svg{fill:#fff}.epcl-slider .item .info .meta .comments{margin-left:25px}.epcl-slider .slider-index{padding-left:100px}.epcl-slider .slider-index .item{margin:25px 0;position:relative;z-index:2;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}.epcl-slider .slider-index .item .count{position:absolute;right:100%;top:3px;margin-right:30px;z-index:2;background:var(--epcl-black);color:#fff;width:28px;height:28px;text-align:center;line-height:28px;border-radius:50%;font-weight:700;font-size:13px}.epcl-slider .slider-index .item .main-title{margin-bottom:0px}.epcl-slider .slider-index .item p{margin:10px 0}.epcl-slider .slider-index .item .meta{padding-top:5px}.epcl-slider .slider-index .item .toggle{display:none}.epcl-slider .slider-index .item.active .count{background:var(--epcl-gradient-color)}#single #comments.hosted .comment .epcl-slider .slider-index .item:hover .comment-author a,.epcl-slider .slider-index .item:hover #single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author a,.epcl-slider .slider-index .item:hover .title a,.epcl-slider .slider-index .item:hover .wpcf7 label a,.wpcf7 .epcl-slider .slider-index .item:hover label a{background-size:100% 25%}.epcl-slider .slider-index .border{border-top:2px solid var(--epcl-border-color)}.epcl-slider .slider-index .border:last-of-type{display:none}#page #single.fullcover div.left-content{padding-right:0}.archive #author div.avatar{margin-top:10px}#archives .tag-description{margin-bottom:20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;text-align:center;min-height:150px;margin:60px auto 0;position:relative;z-index:1;padding:40px 80px;padding-right:60px;overflow:hidden}#archives .tag-description.no-image{margin:60px auto;max-width:600px;padding-left:60px}#archives .tag-description.no-image .left{width:auto}#archives .tag-description .bg-decoration{position:absolute;left:0;bottom:0;z-index:-1;fill:var(--epcl-boxes-border-color);opacity:0.4}#archives .tag-description .left{position:relative;z-index:2;text-align:left}#archives .tag-description .left .total{font-weight:600;margin-top:20px}#archives .tag-description .left p{margin-top:20px}#archives .tag-description .right{position:relative;z-index:2;margin-left:auto}#archives .tag-description .right p{max-width:600px;margin:0 auto}#archives .tag-description .right img{border-radius:8px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.2),0 22px 27px -20px rgba(7,10,25,0.2);box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.2),0 22px 27px -20px rgba(7,10,25,0.2)}#archives .tag-description #single #comments.hosted nav.pagination a,#archives .tag-description .epcl-button,#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination #archives .tag-description a{margin-top:30px}#archives .tag-description #single #comments.hosted nav.pagination a .icon,#archives .tag-description .epcl-button .icon,#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination #archives .tag-description a .icon{margin-right:10px}.epcl-authors{padding:0;margin-top:60px}.epcl-authors .item{text-align:center;padding:20px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;z-index:2}.epcl-authors .item .thumb{display:block;overflow:hidden;border-radius:50%;width:330px;height:330px;margin:0 auto 30px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.1),0 22px 27px -30px rgba(7,10,25,0.1);box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.1),0 22px 27px -30px rgba(7,10,25,0.1)}.epcl-authors .item .img{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.epcl-authors .item div.social{margin-top:15px}.epcl-authors .item div.social a{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-size:13px;margin:0 10px 0 0}.epcl-authors .item div.social a svg{margin-right:5px;margin-top:-3px;vertical-align:middle}.epcl-authors .item div.social a.twitter svg{width:12px;height:12px}.epcl-authors .item div.social a.facebook svg{width:15px;height:15px;margin-right:7px}.epcl-authors .item .bio{padding-top:20px}#authors-page .epcl-authors .epcl-row{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}#authors-page .epcl-authors .item .img{height:100%}#author{position:relative;z-index:1;margin:60px auto 0;padding:40px 80px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}#author.no-avatar .right{margin-left:auto}#author .left{margin-right:60px;text-align:center}#author .author-avatar{display:block;width:250px;height:250px;border-radius:100%;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-shadow:var(--epcl-medium-shadow);box-shadow:var(--epcl-medium-shadow);position:relative}#author .author-avatar .author-image{display:block;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:1;margin:0;-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none}#author .author-name{margin:20px 0 3px;line-height:1}#author .location{display:inline-block;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;vertical-align:middle;margin-left:7px;margin-top:-4px;color:var(--epcl-black);border:1px solid var(--epcl-boxes-border-color);padding:5px 8px;border-radius:6px;position:relative;z-index:2}#author .location:before{content:'';display:block;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:1;z-index:-2;background:var(--epcl-boxes-border-color);opacity:0.25}#author .right{margin-right:auto}#author .total{font-weight:600;margin-top:20px}#author div.info{margin-top:20px;max-width:550px}#author #single #comments.hosted nav.pagination a,#author .epcl-button,#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination #author a{margin-top:30px}#author div.social{margin-top:15px}#author div.social a{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-size:13px;margin:0 10px 0 0}#author div.social a svg{margin-right:5px;margin-top:-3px;vertical-align:middle}#author div.social a .name{color:var(--epcl-black)}#author div.social a.twitter svg{width:15px;height:15px}#author div.social a.custom-social img{width:17px;height:17px;margin-right:5px;margin-top:-3px;vertical-align:middle}#author .bg-decoration{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;width:249px;height:198px;z-index:-1;fill:var(--epcl-boxes-border-color);opacity:0.4}#author.single-author{padding-top:80px;padding-left:40px;padding-right:0;margin:0}#author.single-author #single #comments.hosted .comment .bordered.comment-author,#author.single-author .title.bordered,#author.single-author .wpcf7 label.bordered,#single #comments.hosted .comment #author.single-author .bordered.comment-author,.wpcf7 #author.single-author label.bordered{margin-bottom:40px}#author.single-author .right .author-name{margin-top:0}#author.single-author .right .info{font-size:15px}#author.single-author #single #comments.hosted nav.pagination a,#author.single-author .epcl-button,#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination #author.single-author a{margin-top:25px}#page-404 div.not-found{text-align:center}#page-404 div.not-found #single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,#page-404 div.not-found .title,#page-404 div.not-found .wpcf7 label,#single #comments.hosted .comment #page-404 div.not-found .comment-author,.wpcf7 #page-404 div.not-found label{margin:0 0 30px}#page-404 div.not-found #single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author span,#page-404 div.not-found .title span,#page-404 div.not-found .wpcf7 label span,#single #comments.hosted .comment #page-404 div.not-found .comment-author span,.wpcf7 #page-404 div.not-found label span{font-size:500%}#page-404 div.not-found i.fa{font-size:120px;margin:0px 0px 20px}#page-404 div.not-found p b,#page-404 div.not-found p strong{display:block}#page-404 div.not-found div.buttons{margin-top:30px}#page-404 .widget{background:none;border:0}.error404 #footer:not(.no-background),.error404 #header{display:none}.error404 #wrapper{height:100%}div.epcl-share-container{position:sticky;top:80px;z-index:100;margin-left:-75px;margin-top:-2px;float:left}div.epcl-share{border-radius:25px;position:sticky;top:0;width:45px;padding:0px 2px}div.epcl-share a{display:block;height:40px;font-size:17px;line-height:40px;text-align:center;margin:5px 0}div.epcl-share a svg{width:25px!important;height:25px!important}div.epcl-share a:first-child{border:0}.no-sidebar #sidebar{display:none}.no-sidebar div.left-content{width:auto;border:0;margin-right:0;float:none}#single{-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none}#single .main-article{position:relative;z-index:1;padding:50px 60px}#single .main-article.no-image{padding-top:0}#single .main-title{margin-bottom:25px}#single .post-format-wrapper{position:relative;z-index:2}#single .post-format-wrapper.hidden{display:none}#single .post-style-small{float:left}#single .post-format-audio,#single .post-format-gallery,#single .post-format-video{position:relative;z-index:2;overflow:hidden;border-radius:13px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.2),0 22px 27px -20px rgba(7,10,25,0.2);box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.2),0 22px 27px -20px rgba(7,10,25,0.2)}#single .post-format-audio iframe,#single .post-format-gallery iframe,#single .post-format-video iframe{display:block}#single .post-format-audio div.item,#single .post-format-gallery div.item,#single .post-format-video div.item{height:450px;position:relative}#single .post-format-gallery{height:450px}#single .post-format-gallery .thumb{width:100%;height:100%;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}#single.fullcover .main-article{padding-top:0}#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper{margin-top:45px}#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .featured-image{position:relative;z-index:1;border-radius:13px;-webkit-box-shadow:var(--epcl-medium-shadow);box-shadow:var(--epcl-medium-shadow);overflow:hidden}#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .featured-image img{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;height:500px}#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .featured-image .info{position:absolute;left:0px;bottom:0px;width:100%;z-index:3;padding:30px 40px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(rgba(0,0,0,0)),to(rgba(0,0,0,0.4)));background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(0,0,0,0) 0%,rgba(0,0,0,0.4) 100%)}#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .featured-image .meta.top{position:absolute;left:30px;top:30px;z-index:3}#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .featured-image .meta.top .tags{display:inline}#single.fullcover #comments.hosted .comment .fullcover-wrapper .featured-image .comment-author,#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .featured-image #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .featured-image .title,#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .featured-image .wpcf7 label,.wpcf7 #single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .featured-image label{margin:0;max-width:50%}#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .info{text-align:center;margin-top:40px}#single.fullcover .post-format-wrapper{margin:0}#single.fullcover .post-format-video iframe{height:550px}#single.fullcover .post-format-gallery{max-height:inherit;margin-bottom:0;height:500px}#single.fullcover .post-format-gallery div.item{height:500px}#single.classic .featured-image{position:relative;z-index:2}#single.classic .featured-image img{border-radius:13px;height:500px;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;-webkit-box-shadow:var(--epcl-medium-shadow);box-shadow:var(--epcl-medium-shadow)}#single.classic .post-content{margin-top:50px}#single.classic .post-format-wrapper{margin:-50px -50px 50px}#single.classic .post-format-wrapper img[data-lazy=true]{height:425px;border:0}#single.classic .post-format-wrapper img[data-lazy=true].loaded{height:auto}#single.classic .info.epcl-flex{margin-bottom:40px}#single.classic #comments.hosted .comment .info.epcl-flex .comment-author,#single.classic .info.epcl-flex #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,#single.classic .info.epcl-flex .title,#single.classic .info.epcl-flex .wpcf7 label,.wpcf7 #single.classic .info.epcl-flex label{max-width:55%;font-size:26px;padding:10px 20px}#single.classic .info.epcl-flex .meta{width:50%;margin-left:30px;font-size:14px}#single.classic .info.epcl-flex .meta .meta-info.min-read{margin-right:0}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article header{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:-50px -60px 60px}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .featured-image{width:40%;margin:0}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .featured-image img{height:330px;display:block;border-radius:8px}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info{width:60%;display:block;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding-left:40px;margin-bottom:0}#single.classic.epcl-vertical #comments.hosted .comment .main-article .info .comment-author,#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info .title,#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info .wpcf7 label,.wpcf7 #single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info label{max-width:100%;text-align:left;padding:0;font-weight:800}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info .meta{margin:25px 0 0 0;width:auto;-webkit-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info .meta.top{margin:0 0 20px 0}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info .meta .tags{margin-bottom:20px}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info .last-update{margin-left:auto}#single .post-style-text .main-title{margin-bottom:5px}#single .post-style-text .meta{text-align:left}#single .bottom-tags{margin-top:60px;padding-top:40px;border-top:2px solid var(--epcl-border-color);font-size:15px}#single .bottom-tags .sep:last-of-type{display:none}#single .bottom-tags p{display:inline}#single .bottom-tags .tags-list{display:inline;padding:0 10px}#single .bottom-tags a{display:inline;color:var(--epcl-main-color);font-weight:600}#single .bottom-tags a:hover{color:var(--epcl-black)}#single .bottom-tags .last-update{margin-left:30px;text-transform:capitalize}#single .bottom-tags .tagged-in{margin-top:10px}#single section.related{padding-left:40px}#single section.related .epcl-row{margin:0 -15px;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:start}#single section.related article{padding:0 15px;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;width:50%;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;min-height:100px}#single section.related article:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}#single section.related article .thumb{display:block;min-width:100px;height:100px;margin-right:20px;border-radius:8px;-webkit-box-shadow:var(--epcl-medium-shadow);box-shadow:var(--epcl-medium-shadow)}#single section.related article .thumb .fullimage{border-radius:8px}#single #comments{padding-left:40px}#single #comments.hosted .comment{display:block;position:relative;border-top:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);padding-top:24px;padding-bottom:24px;padding-left:50px}#single #comments.hosted .comment.count-1{border:0;margin-top:-20px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .author-avatar{padding:0;border-radius:50%;position:absolute;left:0;top:25px;width:50px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .author-avatar:before{display:none}#single #comments.hosted .comment .author-avatar img{border-radius:50%;border:1px solid var(--epcl-border-color);width:50px;height:50px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .right{padding-left:20px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .right .text{font-size:15px;margin-top:10px;letter-spacing:0.25px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .right .text p{padding-top:0;margin-bottom:15px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .right .text p:last-child{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}#single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author a:hover{color:var(--epcl-main-color)}#single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,#single #comments.hosted .comment .date{font-size:14px!important}#single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-reply-link{margin-top:15px}#single #comments.hosted .children{padding-left:20px;padding-top:24px}#single #comments.hosted .children li:last-child{padding-bottom:0}#single #comments.hosted li a.comment-edit-link{text-decoration:underline;font-style:italic;font-size:12px}#single #comments.hosted li.no-avatar{padding-left:50px}#single #comments.hosted li.no-avatar .epcl-dropcap{margin:0;position:absolute;left:0;top:20px}#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination{border:0;padding:25px 0}#single #comments.hosted .pingback .right,#single #comments.hosted .trackback .right{padding:0}#single #comments.hosted .pingback cite,#single #comments.hosted .trackback cite{font-weight:700}#single #comments.hosted .pingback .text,#single #comments.hosted .trackback .text{padding-top:10px;font-size:14px}#single #comments.hosted .commentlist #respond{padding-bottom:60px}#single #comments.hosted.have-comments #respond{padding-top:30px}#single #reply-title #cancel-comment-reply-link{margin-left:5px;font-weight:400}#single .comment-form .logged-in-as a:last-child{font-weight:bold}#single .comment-form #reply-title a{font-size:14px}#single .comment-form .form-author{width:48.75%;float:left}#single .comment-form .form-email{width:48.75%;float:right}#single .comment-form .form-submit{padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:0}#single .comment-form p input[type=checkbox]{margin-right:10px;margin-left:5px;vertical-align:middle;margin-top:-2px}@media screen and (min-width:1201px){.hide-on-desktop-lg{display:none!important}}@media screen and (max-width:1450px){.grid-container{max-width:1200px}}@media screen and (max-width:1200px){[data-aos=fade-up],[data-aos=fade]{opacity:1!important;-webkit-transform:none!important;-ms-transform:none!important;transform:none!important}body{font-size:14px}body.menu-open{overflow-x:hidden}.content{margin-top:40px}div.left-content{padding-right:30px}.one-sidebar .left-content{width:auto}#single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,.title,.wpcf7 label{font-size:20px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .ularge.comment-author,.title.ularge,.wpcf7 label.ularge{font-size:34px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .large.comment-author,.title.large,.wpcf7 label.large{font-size:28px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .medium.comment-author,#single #comments.hosted .comment nav.pagination a.comment-author,#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination .comment a.comment-author,#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination a.title,.title.medium,.wpcf7 label.medium{font-size:18px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .small.comment-author,.title.small,.wpcf7 label.small{font-size:16px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,.title.usmall,.wpcf7 label{font-size:13px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .carousel-title.comment-author,.title.carousel-title,.wpcf7 label.carousel-title{margin-bottom:-30px}.grid-sidebar div.left-content{padding-right:0}#sidebar{padding-left:0}.epcl-authors .item .thumb{width:250px;height:250px}#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination a:not(.epcl-shortcode),.button,.epcl-button:not(.epcl-shortcode){font-size:13px}.epcl-subscribe{padding:35px 20px}.widget{padding:30px 30px}.widget .widget-title svg.decoration,.widget .widget-title:before{left:-30px;background-size:20px 11px;margin-top:0}.widget_epcl_about .bio{font-size:14px}.widget_epcl_social ul li{width:47%;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:10px}.widget_epcl_social .icons a .name{font-size:13px}.widget_epcl_featured_category .item,.widget_epcl_posts_thumbs .item,.widget_epcl_related_articles .item{padding-left:100px;min-height:80px}.widget_epcl_featured_category .item .thumb,.widget_epcl_posts_thumbs .item .thumb,.widget_epcl_related_articles .item .thumb{width:80px;height:80px}#header.disable-sticky-mobile div.menu-wrapper{position:relative!important}#header div.menu-wrapper .grid-container{padding:0}#header .logo{padding:5px;float:none;margin:5px auto!important}#header div.menu-mobile{display:block;position:absolute;left:40px;top:50%;height:31px;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:200;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}#header div.menu-mobile i{vertical-align:middle}#header div.menu-mobile svg{fill:var(--epcl-black);-webkit-filter:none;filter:none}#header div.menu-mobile svg.close{display:none}body.menu-open #header div.menu-mobile svg.open{display:none}body.menu-open #header div.menu-mobile svg.close{display:block}#header nav{display:none!important}#header div.menu-wrapper{padding-bottom:20px;padding-top:20px}#header .epcl-search-button{top:50%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);right:40px;display:block;width:40px;height:40px;line-height:40px}#header.advertising .logo{float:none}nav.mobile.main-nav{position:fixed;left:0;top:0;bottom:0;height:100%;margin:0;width:300px;z-index:100;background:#fff;text-align:left;padding:20px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-transform:translateX(-300px);-ms-transform:translateX(-300px);transform:translateX(-300px);-webkit-box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.2),0 22px 27px -20px rgba(7,10,25,0.2);box-shadow:0 3px 12px -1px rgba(7,10,25,0.2),0 22px 27px -20px rgba(7,10,25,0.2);-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;overflow:auto}nav.mobile.main-nav ul{float:none;display:block}nav.mobile.main-nav li{display:block}nav.mobile.main-nav ul.menu>li{padding:15px}nav.mobile.main-nav .nav-login{text-align:center;margin-top:20px}nav.mobile.main-nav ul.menu li.menu-item-has-children{margin-right:0;padding-right:20px}nav.mobile.main-nav ul.menu li.menu-item-has-children:after{top:25px;padding:5px}nav.mobile.main-nav ul.menu li.menu-item-has-children:hover>ul.sub-menu{opacity:1;visibility:visible;max-height:50vh!important;overflow:auto;padding:5px 0 0}nav.mobile.main-nav ul.menu li.menu-item-has-children li.menu-item-has-children:after{content:'';background:no-repeat center center url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M11.9997 13.1714L16.9495 8.22168L18.3637 9.63589L11.9997 15.9999L5.63574 9.63589L7.04996 8.22168L11.9997 13.1714Z' %3E%3C/path%3E%3C/svg%3E");display:block;position:absolute;font-size:14px;width:12px;height:25px;z-index:5;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);margin-top:0px;top:17px;right:5px}nav.mobile.main-nav ul.sub-menu{position:relative!important;left:auto!important;top:auto!important;max-height:0!important;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;background:none;padding:0;-webkit-transform:none!important;-ms-transform:none!important;transform:none!important;border:0}nav.mobile.main-nav ul.sub-menu li{padding:0}nav.mobile.main-nav ul.sub-menu li a{padding:10px 0}nav.mobile.main-nav ul.sub-menu ul.sub-menu{margin-left:5px}nav.mobile.main-nav ul.sub-menu ul.sub-menu li a{padding-left:10px}nav.mobile.main-nav div.logo{text-align:center;padding:20px 0}nav.mobile.main-nav .epcl-buttons{margin-top:20px;text-align:center}body.menu-open nav.mobile.main-nav{opacity:1;visibility:visible;-webkit-transform:translateX(0);-ms-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0)}div.menu-overlay{position:fixed;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:90;background:#000;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;-webkit-transition:all 300ms ease;transition:all 300ms ease}body.menu-open div.menu-overlay{opacity:0.5;visibility:visible}body.menu-open #wrapper #header{display:none}body.menu-open #wrapper nav{opacity:1;visibility:visible}div.articles article{padding-right:0;margin-bottom:40px}div.articles.classic article .main-title{font-size:18px}div.articles.classic article .author-image{width:30px;height:30px}div.articles.classic article .thumb{width:250px;height:250px}div.articles.classic article .meta{font-size:12px}div.articles.classic article .meta.bottom{margin-top:20px}div.articles .epcl-subscribe{margin-bottom:40px}div.epcl-share-container{margin-left:-60px}#single.classic .post-format-wrapper{margin:0 0 50px}#single .main-article.bg-box{padding:50px}#footer{margin-top:60px}#footer .mobile-footer{padding-top:20px}#footer .mobile-footer .widget{padding-left:30px;width:auto!important;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0!important}#footer .mobile-footer .epcl-subscribe{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;text-align:center}}@media screen and (min-width:981px) and (max-width:1200px){.hide-on-desktop-sm{display:none!important}body{min-width:inherit;font-size:14px}img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.grid-container{padding-left:40px;padding-right:40px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,.title,.wpcf7 label{font-size:20px}div.left-content{padding-right:40px}.classic-sidebar div.left-content{padding-right:20px}.grid-sidebar div.left-content{padding-right:20px}.widget_epcl_social .icons a{height:95px}#header .logo #single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,#header .logo .title,#header .logo .wpcf7 label,#single #comments.hosted .comment #header .logo .comment-author,.wpcf7 #header .logo label{font-size:50px}.epcl-slider .slick-slider{width:50%}.epcl-slider .slick-slider .item article{height:450px}.epcl-slider .slider-index{width:50%}.epcl-slider .slider-index .item .main-title{font-size:18px}#single .main-article{padding:0px 0px 30px}#single.classic .featured-image{margin:0 0 50px}#single.classic .featured-image img{height:400px}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info{padding-left:20px}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article div.meta .author-image{width:30px;height:30px}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article header{margin:0;text-align:center}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article header .main-title{text-align:center!important}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .featured-image img{height:250px}#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .featured-image img{height:400px}#page div.left-content{padding-left:20px}#author .left{margin-right:30px}#author .author-avatar{width:200px;height:200px}.epcl-authors .item{width:50%}div.articles.grid-posts article{width:50%}div.articles.grid-posts article .main-title{font-size:20px}#footer .widgets{padding:0 20px}#footer .widgets .widget.widget_epcl_subscribe_form{width:60%}#footer .widgets .widget:nth-child(n+3){display:none}}@media screen and (min-width:768px) and (max-width:990px){body{font-size:14px}div.left-content{padding-right:0px}.grid-container{padding-left:40px;padding-right:40px}.np-tablet{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.nofloat-tablet{float:none!important}.no-sidebar div.left-content{padding-right:0}.medium-section{padding-top:60px;padding-bottom:60px}.widget{margin-bottom:30px}aside .default-sidebar,aside .mobile-sidebar{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}aside .widget{width:50%;float:left;border:0;padding:0 30px;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}aside .widget.widget_search{background:none}#sidebar{display:none;float:none;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;margin-top:0!important}#sidebar .sidebar-wrapper{margin:25px 0 0}.classic-sidebar div.left-content{padding-right:0}#header .logo a{font-size:42px}#header .logo #single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,#header .logo .title,#header .logo .wpcf7 label,#single #comments.hosted .comment #header .logo .comment-author,.wpcf7 #header .logo label{font-size:50px}.epcl-slider{padding-top:40px;padding-bottom:0}.epcl-slider .epcl-column-container{display:block;border-radius:13px}.epcl-slider .item{display:none}.epcl-slider .item .toggle{height:auto!important}.epcl-slider .item img.fullwidth{border-bottom-left-radius:0!important;border-bottom-right-radius:0!important}.epcl-slider .item.active{display:block}.epcl-slider .slick-slider{width:100%;margin:0!important}.epcl-slider .slick-slider .item article{height:400px}.epcl-slider .slick-slider .item article .meta{display:none}.epcl-slider .slider-index{width:auto;margin-top:0px}.epcl-slider .slider-index .border{display:none!important}div.meta{font-size:13px}div.articles.grid-posts[data-columns] article{width:50%}div.articles.grid-posts article .main-title{font-size:18px}#archives .tag-description{padding:30px}#archives .tag-description .bg-decoration{width:250px;height:200px}#author{padding:30px}#author .author-avatar{width:175px;height:175px}#author.single-author{padding-top:60px}#single .main-article{padding:0 0px 40px}#single.classic .featured-image{margin:0 0px 40px}#single.classic .featured-image img{height:400px}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info{padding-left:20px}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article header{margin:0;text-align:center}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article header .main-title{text-align:center!important}#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .featured-image img{height:350px}.membership-page .epcl-plan{padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px}.membership-page .subscribe-plan{padding:25px 20px}.epcl-subscribe{margin-top:60px}#footer .widgets{padding:0 30px}#footer .widgets .mobile-sidebar{display:block}#footer .widgets .epcl-row{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}#footer .widgets .widget{width:100%;border:0;padding:0 60px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}#footer .widgets .widget.widget_epcl_subscribe_form{display:block;text-align:center;width:100%}#footer .widgets .widget.widget_epcl_subscribe_form .epcl-subscribe{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}#footer .epcl-subscribe{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}#footer .widgets .default-sidebar{display:none}}@media screen and (max-width:767px){.force-var{padding:30px;margin:20px}[class^=grid]{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}.no-sidebar .default-sidebar{display:none!important}.no-sidebar div.left-content{padding-right:0}.classic-sidebar div.left-content{padding-right:0}#wrapper{overflow-x:hidden}body{font-size:14px}.section{padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:30px}.medium-section{padding-top:40px;padding-bottom:40px}.section.bordered{margin:0 -20px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}.grid-container{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}.np-mobile{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.nofloat-mobile{float:none!important}.content{margin-top:30px}div.left-content{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}#sidebar{float:none;position:relative}#sidebar .widget-title{margin-left:10px}.bg-box{padding:30px 20px}.epcl-waves-page{top:-200px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,.title,.wpcf7 label{font-size:18px;margin-bottom:20px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .ularge.comment-author,.title.ularge,.wpcf7 label.ularge{font-size:26px;margin-bottom:20px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .large.comment-author,.title.large,.wpcf7 label.large{font-size:22px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .medium.comment-author,#single #comments.hosted .comment nav.pagination a.comment-author,#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination .comment a.comment-author,#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination a.title,.title.medium,.wpcf7 label.medium{font-size:20px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .small.comment-author,.title.small,.wpcf7 label.small{font-size:14px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,.title.usmall,.wpcf7 label{font-size:12px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .carousel-title.comment-author,.title.carousel-title,.wpcf7 label.carousel-title{margin-top:30px}#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination a:not(.epcl-shortcode),.button,.epcl-button:not(.epcl-shortcode){font-size:13px}#single #comments.hosted nav.pagination a:not(.epcl-shortcode).large,.button.large,.epcl-button:not(.epcl-shortcode).large{font-size:14px}input[type=email],input[type=password],input[type=search],input[type=tel],input[type=text],input[type=url],select,textarea{padding:12px 25px;font-size:16px}.epcl-border.small{margin-top:15px}.intro-text p{font-size:14px;margin-top:20px}.slick-dotted.slick-slider{margin-bottom:50px!important}#header .logo{max-width:160px;margin:0px auto 0!important;padding:5px 10px!important}#header .logo.text-logo{margin-top:-2px}#header .logo.text-logo #single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,#header .logo.text-logo .title,#header .logo.text-logo .wpcf7 label,#single #comments.hosted .comment #header .logo.text-logo .comment-author,.wpcf7 #header .logo.text-logo label{font-size:40px}#header div.menu-mobile{left:20px}#header div.menu-wrapper{padding:0px}#header div.menu-wrapper .grid-container{padding:20px 0}#header .epcl-search-button{right:20px}.main-nav ul.menu li{padding:15px}.epcl-slider{padding-top:40px;padding-bottom:0}.epcl-slider .epcl-column-container{display:block;border-radius:13px}.epcl-slider .item{display:none}.epcl-slider .item .toggle{height:auto!important;text-align:center}.epcl-slider .item img.fullwidth{border-bottom-left-radius:0!important;border-bottom-right-radius:0!important}.epcl-slider .item.active{display:block}.epcl-slider .slick-slider{width:100%;margin:0!important}.epcl-slider .slick-slider .item article{height:225px}.epcl-slider .slick-slider .item article .meta{display:none}.epcl-slider .slider-index{width:auto;margin-top:0px;padding-left:20px}.epcl-slider .slider-index .item{margin:20px 0}.epcl-slider .slider-index .item .main-title{text-align:center}.epcl-slider .slider-index .item .meta{padding-top:10px}.epcl-slider .slider-index .item div.meta .author img{display:none}.epcl-slider .slider-index .count{display:none}.epcl-slider .slider-index .toggle p{display:none}.epcl-slider .slider-index .border{display:none!important}.epcl-carousel{margin-bottom:50px}.epcl-carousel .item .img{height:250px}div.meta{font-size:12px}div.meta .author .author-image{width:25px!important;height:25px!important;margin-right:5px}div.articles{display:block}div.articles .epcl-subscribe{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px}div.articles .post-format-audio,div.articles .post-format-gallery,div.articles .post-format-video{height:225px}div.articles .post-format-audio div.item,div.articles .post-format-gallery div.item,div.articles .post-format-video div.item{height:225px}div.articles.classic article{display:block;margin-bottom:25px;text-align:center}div.articles.classic article .thumb{width:100%;height:225px;margin-bottom:10px}div.articles.classic article .epcl-flex{display:block}div.articles.classic article .info{padding:10px}div.articles.classic article .main-title{margin:10px 0}div.articles.classic article .bottom.epcl-flex{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .thumb{height:225px}div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .info{padding:10px}#single #comments.hosted .comment div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .info .comment-author,.wpcf7 div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .info label,div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .info #single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .info .title,div.articles.classic article.post-style-classic-image .info .wpcf7 label{font-size:18px}div.articles.grid-posts[data-columns] article{width:100%}div.articles.grid-posts article{margin-bottom:40px}div.articles.grid-posts article .featured-image .thumb{height:225px}div.articles.grid-posts article .main-title{font-size:18px;margin:10px 0}div.articles.grid-posts article footer.bottom{margin-top:0}div.articles.grid-posts article div.meta{margin-top:0}.widget_epcl_tag_cloud,.widget_tag_cloud,div.tags{font-size:12px}#single div.left-content{padding:0}#single .main-article{padding:0px 0 20px}#single .bottom-tags{margin-top:40px;padding-top:30px}#single .bottom-tags .last-update,#single .bottom-tags .tags-list{display:block;margin:10px 0}#single .post-format-video iframe{height:225px}#single .post-format-gallery{height:225px}#single .post-format-gallery div.item{height:225px}#single.classic .post-format-wrapper{margin:0 0 30px}#single.classic .post-content{margin-top:20px}#single.classic .featured-image{margin:0 0px 30px}#single.classic .featured-image img{height:225px}#single.classic .main-article .info{text-align:center}#single.classic .main-article .info .main-title{margin-bottom:20px}#single.classic div.meta{display:block}#single.classic div.meta .meta-info{margin:0 10px}#single.classic div.meta .min-read{margin-top:5px;padding-left:0}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article header{margin:0}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .featured-image{width:100%;margin:0 0px 30px}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .featured-image img{height:225px}#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info{display:block;width:auto;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0}#single.classic.epcl-vertical #comments.hosted .comment .main-article .info .comment-author,#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info .title,#single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info .wpcf7 label,.wpcf7 #single.classic.epcl-vertical .main-article .info label{text-align:center}#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper{padding-bottom:0}#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .featured-image{margin:30px -30px 0}#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .featured-image img{height:225px}#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .info{margin-top:30px}#single.fullcover .fullcover-wrapper .info div.meta .meta-info{margin:0 5px}#single .share-buttons{margin-top:30px}#single #comments.hosted .comment .share-buttons .comment-author,#single .share-buttons #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,#single .share-buttons .title,#single .share-buttons .wpcf7 label,.wpcf7 #single .share-buttons label{display:block;margin-right:0}#single .share-buttons .permalink{display:block}#single .share-buttons .permalink input{width:100%;font-size:12px}#single section.related{padding-top:40px}#single section.related article{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:30px;width:100%;min-height:inherit;padding:0}#single section.related .epcl-row{margin:0 0px}#single .epcl-subscribe{margin-top:40px}#single #author.single-author{padding-top:40px}#single #author.single-author #comments.hosted .comment .bordered.comment-author,#single #author.single-author .title.bordered,#single #author.single-author .wpcf7 label.bordered,#single #comments.hosted .comment #author.single-author .bordered.comment-author,.wpcf7 #single #author.single-author label.bordered{margin-bottom:30px}#single #author.single-author .epcl-flex{display:block;margin-left:-40px;width:auto}#single #author.single-author .left{margin-bottom:40px}#single #author.single-author .right{text-align:center}#single #comments.hosted .comment{padding-left:45px}#single #comments.hosted .children{padding-left:10px}#single #comments.hosted .commentlist{margin-left:-40px}#page #single.fullcover #comments.hosted .comment .featured-image div.info .comment-author,#page #single.fullcover .featured-image div.info #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,#page #single.fullcover .featured-image div.info .title,#page #single.fullcover .featured-image div.info .wpcf7 label,.wpcf7 #page #single.fullcover .featured-image div.info label{font-size:32px}#page #single.fullcover .featured-image{margin-bottom:0}#page #single.fullcover.no-sidebar div.left-content{padding:0}#page #single #comments.hosted .comment .absolute.comment-author,#page #single .title.absolute,#page #single .wpcf7 label.absolute,.wpcf7 #page #single label.absolute{left:20px}#page #single .main-article.bg-box{padding:40px 20px}#archives #author{margin-top:30px;text-align:center}#archives #author .epcl-flex{display:block}#archives #author .author-name{padding-left:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-flow:column wrap;flex-flow:column wrap}#archives #author .author-name .decoration{display:none}#archives #author .author-name .location{margin:15px auto 0}#author{display:block;padding:25px}#author .left{margin-right:0;text-align:center}#author .author-avatar{width:150px;height:150px;margin:0 auto}#author .author-name{margin-top:30px}.epcl-authors{margin-top:20px}.epcl-authors .item .thumb{width:150px;height:150px}#archives .tag-description{padding:30px;display:block;margin-top:30px}#archives .bg-decoration{width:200px;height:150px}.subscribe-cta{padding:25px 20px}.epcl-subscribe{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px;border-radius:0;padding:30px 20px}.epcl-subscribe form .form-group .inputbox.large{padding:15px 15px;font-size:13px;padding-right:130px}.epcl-subscribe form .form-group .submit.absolute{padding:0 20px;font-size:14px}.membership-page div.left-content{padding:0 20px}.membership-page .epcl-plans{display:block;width:auto;margin:0 20px}.membership-page .subscribe-plan{padding:30px 20px}#page-subscribe .epcl-flex{display:block;width:auto}#page-subscribe .epcl-subscribe .grid-container{width:auto}#page-subscribe .epcl-subscribe form{padding:60px 0 20px}#footer{margin-top:30px}#footer #back-to-top{width:40px;height:40px;line-height:40px}#footer .mobile-footer{padding-top:0}#footer .logo a{font-size:32px}#footer .widgets{padding-top:40px}#footer .widgets .epcl-row{display:block}#footer .widgets .widget{width:100%;padding:20px 0;margin-top:0px;border:0}#footer .widgets .widget #single #comments.hosted .comment .comment-author,#footer .widgets .widget .title,#footer .widgets .widget .wpcf7 label,#single #comments.hosted .comment #footer .widgets .widget .comment-author,.wpcf7 #footer .widgets .widget label{margin-left:30px}#footer .widgets .widget.widget_epcl_subscribe_form{display:block;text-align:center;width:100%}#footer .widgets .widget.widget_epcl_subscribe_form .epcl-subscribe{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}div.text{font-size:14px}div.text h1{font-size:22px}div.text h2{font-size:20px}div.text h3{font-size:18px}div.text h4{font-size:16px}div.text h5{font-size:14px}div.text h6{font-size:13px}div.text blockquote{font-size:14px;background-size:20px;background-position:10px 15px;padding:20px;padding-left:40px!important}div.text iframe{max-width:100%}div.text pre:not([class*=language-]){padding:10px 5px;font-size:13px}div.text code:not([class*=language-]){font-size:13px}div.text code[class*=language-],div.text pre,div.text pre[class*=language-]{max-height:300px;white-space:pre}div.text ol,div.text ul{margin-left:15px}div.text ul:not([class]) li:before{top:12px}div.text figure,div.text iframe,div.text p{margin-bottom:12.8px}}
6000 Ottoman Era Photographs Digitalised For Study And Free Downloads - Islam Hashtag
6000 Ottoman era Photographs digitalised for study and Free Downloads
Interested in Ottoman Era ? In the 1980s the French collector Pierre de Gigord traveled to Turkey and collected thousands of Ottoman-era photographs in a variety of media and formats. The resulting Pierre de Gigord Collection is now housed in the Getty Research Institute , which recently digitized over 6,000 of the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century photographs, making them available to study and download for free online.
6000 Ottoman era Photographs digitalised for study and Free Downloads 19 From albumen prints to lantern slides, glass negatives and albums, the collection documents landmark architecture, urban and natural landscapes, archaeological sites of millennia-old civilizations, and the bustling life of the diverse people who lived over 100 years ago in the last decades of the waning Ottoman Empire.
The digitization project focused on photographs from the nineteenth century until World War I (Series I–VIII) , resulting in 3,750 individual records of digital files. Research Institute photographers such as Lyndsey Godwin-Kresge took thousands of materials that are difficult to find, as they are preserved in the vaults with limited circulation, and transformed them into digital files.
Armchair Traveling to the Ottoman Era The digitization of such diverse media, from long panoramas (Series IV ) to pocket-sized cartes de visite, presented different challenges. The 10-part panorama of Constantinople required stitching separate albumen prints together to create an imposing panoramic view of the skyline of Istanbul and the Bosporus in 1878. Now it may be viewed on a screen in its entirety.
Photographing the 50 hand-colored slides from the Viennese business Josef Sengsbratl necessitated calibrating both front and backlighting to capture the warm tones of the color images as well as the business credit name and address. At the turn of the century, people would project these slides on a screen in educational settings or in private homes for personal entertainment, allowing them to become armchair travelers. Through these images they learned about Turkish women and men, crafts and trades, the landmark architecture of the Ottoman capital, government functionaries, and the geopolitics of the region.
Porters Carrying Rope , Josef Sengsbratl. Hand-colored glass lantern slide. Pierre de Gigord Collection of Photographs of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. The Getty Research Institute, 96.R.14. Digital image courtesy of the Getty’s Open Content Program
The 82 glass plate negatives in the collection were digitized and turned into positive images to facilitate access to their imagery, which includes scenes such as this buzzing street in the European side of the capital at the turn of the century.
Busy Street, Constantinople, 1890, unknown photographer. Glass plate negative. Pierre de Gigord Collection of Photographs of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. The Getty Research Institute, 96.R.14. Digital image courtesy of the Getty’s Open Content Program
First-Person Perspectives The digitization of over 60 photographic albums (Series I and II ) allows us to access the unique personal narratives of collectors and photographers who traveled through Ottoman Turkey. In the album Türkei = Kleinasien 1917–1918 (Turkey = Asia Minor), a German military officer, yet to be identified, dedicated his photographs to a faraway “beloved Pauline.” This album documents—in great contrast to his romantic dedication—the presence of the German army in Turkey during the Armenian genocide.
In accordance with standard digitization practices, the album was photographed not only page after page but also image after image, allowing viewers to experience the images close-up in detail. The neat calligraphy of the image captions and well-composed arrangements of the photographs reveal the care the officer took in documenting the journey and mission. Photographs of cities, markets, and sites of destruction are recorded along with encounters with government functionaries such as the minister of war, Enver Pasha, the highest-ranking perpetrator of the Armenian genocide.
Türkei = Kleinasien 1917–1918 , page 7. Pierre de Gigord Collection of Photographs of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. The Getty Research Institute, 96.R.14
The album also includes street scenes and images of everyday life. There are photographs of street vendors and people including an unknown woman who smiles back at the photographer/officer.
Türkei = Kleinasien 1917–1918 , page 16. Pierre de Gigord Collection of Photographs of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. The Getty Research Institute, 96.R.14. Digital image courtesy of the Getty’s Open Content Program
An Obliterated Past Scholars have already used the Gigord collection for research in multiple disciplines, from Turkish architecture, archaeology and antiquities, Byzantine and Islamic art, postcolonial studies, and the history of photography.
Here on The Iris , artist Hande Sever recently highlighted the central role Armenian photographers played in shaping Turkey’s national cultural history and collective memory . Sever notes how the archive offers visual records of an obliterated past, a world that disappeared due to ethnic conflict and cleansing.
The Gigord digitized images, with their records of people, architecture, urban spaces, and landscapes of a bustling world a century ago, make a noteworthy comparison with the work of the late Armenian photographer Ara Güler (1928–2018). His photographs and family history document the aftermath of World War II. Güler, who lost his grandparents to the Armenian genocide, worked for the photo agency Magnum and built an archive of 900,000 photographs.
Orhan Pamuk, the renowned Turkish writer who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 2006, used images from Güler’s archive to illustrate his novels set in 20th-century Istanbul. He also paid tribute to Güler in a New York Times opinion piece . Pamuk wrote that A look at nineteenth-century Turkey through photographs.er’s photographs are not just beautiful—they are important because of the connection between visual records and personal memories:
A street might remind us of the sting of getting fired from a job; the sight of a particular bridge might bring back the loneliness of our youth. A city square might recall the bliss of a love affair; a dark alleyway might be a reminder of our political fears; an old coffeehouse might evoke the memory of our friends who have been jailed. And a sycamore tree might remind how we used to be poor.
Galata Bridge , about 1875–89, Guillaume Berggren. Pierre de Gigord Collection of Photographs of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. The Getty Research Institute, 96.R.14. Digital image courtesy of the Getty’s Open Content Program
Directly and indirectly, both Sever and Pamuk comment on not only the importance of Armenian photographers in shaping Turkish national and cultural identity but also the value of the visual record as a memory of a lost world—one lost to the ravages of time and modernization, as well as war, nationalist agendas, and ethnic cleansing.
The digitized nineteenth-century images enable us to learn about the past—seeing Turkey’s diverse society, its traditions and customs, and its urban fabric—and understand the present, observing how certain sites and people, as well as social or political issues, have evolved yet still remain the same.
Losing the Aura of Materiality In the digital environment, these images are removed from their original physical context. Presented without their physical supports, formatting, or sense of scale, some aspects of their materiality may elude us. Yet increased access to the photographs allows us to visualize and experience the past and create relevant connections to the present.
For instance, the peaceful intimacy of this scene of a man reading a letter to two girls transcends time. One can imagine how this photograph would have evoked indelible memories for whoever owned this image, keeping it treasured in a drawer, pinned to a wall, or perhaps mounted in a private family album.
Man Reading to Two Girls , 1890, unknown photographer. Pierre de Gigord Collection of Photographs of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. The Getty Research Institute, 96.R.14. Digital image courtesy of the Getty’s Open Content Program
Series III of the collection contains close to 2,500 individual prints that Gigord grouped by location or type. Although their original context has been lost, these images can now be reinterpreted in relation to one another, especially through the item-level cataloging and metadata carried out by Beth Guynn and her team. Lead Cataloger Beth Guynn was also responsible for initiating the digitization process with the help of interns Emily McKibben and Soohyun Yang in the early stages of the process of digitization.
The digital files can be accessed through the Getty Research Institute catalog as individual records or through the Gigord collection’s finding aid , where they are presented in their physical collocation within the larger context of the whole collection.
As Jasmine E. Burns, a metadata librarian at Cornell University, explains in her essay “The Aura of Materiality: Digital Surrogacy and the Preservation of Photographic Archives,” the process of digitizing a photoarchive—just like printing positive images from negatives—makes images available to a broader range of users. Separated from their original source, the images themselves (i.e., the content) take on new meanings and interpretations by existing in several contexts at once.
The aura of the materiality of the printed image may be lost in the process of digitization, but the lives of the people in the Gigord photographs—their gestures and poses, expressions, emotions, and actions—can be reinterpreted as their histories are shared more widely. The image below shows a composition of five photographs of Trabzon, a city on the coast of the Black Sea. The three views of the city on the bottom provide the setting for highly contrasting narratives: on the top row the dead bodies of two Kurdish bandits, outnumbered and executed by a group of over 20 armed men, are juxtaposed by the elegant posture of a couple posing for the camera, presenting diverging realities where life and death go on.
Two parts of the Gigord collection were beyond the scope of this project so not digitized: the press photographs documenting the modernization of the Ottoman Empire and its transition to the Republic of Turkey and the archival documentation on photographic studios (Series IX–X). These materials can be accessed by visiting the Getty Research Institute Special Collections in Los Angeles, where the original photographs from the entire Gigord collection are preserved.
Source :getty.edu
Related